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Genetics
304.4 Vet nursing genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a fertilised ovum called? | Zygote |
| Genetics is the study of what? | Inheritance |
| The basic unit of hereditary expression? | Gene |
| How many characteristics does a single gene influence? | One |
| What are polygenic characteristics? | A characteristic influenced by multiple genes |
| What do you call a long string of genes? | Chromosome |
| The position of a gene on a chromosome | Locus |
| Identifying the locus of each gene on every chromosome on the cell | Gene mapping |
| A gene on the same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes | Allele |
| A pair of identical alleles | Homozygous genes |
| A pair of non-identical alleles | Heterozygous genes |
| A gene which overrides its allele | Dominant gene |
| A gene which is only expressed when in a homozygous pair | Recessive gene |
| Alleles giving different instructions for a gene which are both expressed (eg blood type) | Co-dominant gene |
| Genes which suppress the activity of other genes (eg albinism) | Epistasis |
| The external appearance of an animal | Phenotype |
| The genetic makeup of an animal | Genotype |
| 4 things that may affect the animals phenotype? | Diet, environment, disease, lifestyle |
| Number of pairs of chromosomes in the dog | 39 |
| Number of pairs of chromosomes in the cat | 19 |
| Number of pairs of chromosomes in the human | 23 |
| Number of pairs of chromosomes in the horse | 32 |
| Name for the chromosomes which are not sex cells | Autosomes |
| The only pair of chromosomes which may not be homologous | Sex chromosomes |
| Mendel's first law of inheritance | The law of segregation |
| Mendel's second law of inheritance | The law of independent assortment |
| What is the law of segregation? | During meiosis each gamete only gets one allele from each gene |
| What is the law of independent assortment? | Genes for different genes are not linked during meiosis |
| Mendel's third law of inheritance | The law of dominance |
| What is the law of dominance? | Recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles |
| What is a sex linked gene? | Genes located on the sex chromosomes |
| Which sex is more likely to show a sex linked genetic problem? | Males |
| What is a sex limited gene? | Genes which are switched on or off by reproductive hormones |
| What are lethal genes? | Genes incompatible with life |
| What is a classically lethal gene? | The animal dies in the womb or shortly after birth |
| What is a delayed lethal gene? | Die from a progressive condition later in life |
| Semi-lethal gene | Mild abnormalities which may not necessarily kill the animal |
| What is a congenital defect? | Defect present in the animal at birth |
| Name of the zygote from 0-35 days of age | Embryo |
| The fusion of gametes to form a new organism | Fertilisation |
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