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Quiz five
strongyles & trichostrongyles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 teeth in buccal capsule, most pathogenic, causes acute verminous arteritis, cause of colic | S. vulgaris |
| no teeth | S. edentatus |
| 3 teeth in buccal capsule | S. equinus |
| – L3’s penetrate the mucosa of the cecum/colon→molt to L4 in the liver and migrate to the peritoneum→molt to L5 in the intestinal wall | S. edentatus |
| L4’s molt in the submucosa of the cecum/colon→migrate to the liver and L5’s molt in the intestinal wall/pancreas. | S. equinus |
| Life cycle - Direct and non-migratory, hypobiosis | Small strongyles (30+ species) |
| Pathology - mucosal lesions during larval encystment and re-emergence contributes to colic (abdominal distress | Small Strongyles |
| LEAF CROWN & TEETHIN BUCCAL CAPSULE | SMALL STRONGYLE |
| Parasiticide resistance | heritable mutation permits survival |
| resistance to all drugs within that action class (e.g., benzimidazoles) | Side resistance |
| Low-dose daily feeding of pyrantel tartrate may lead to resistance of | small strongyles |
| may promote the selection of resistance genes (against pryantel pamoate & oxibendazole) | The mode of administration |
| To slow or stop anthelmintic resistance | administer when actually needed |
| Swine Nodular worm | Oesophagostomum dentatum |
| Common in adults pigs | Oesophagostomum dentatum |
| reduced litter size | “Thin sow” syndrome |
| Nodular worm of cattle (O. radiatum | Oesophagostomum spp |
| May cause diarrhea | Oesophagostomum spp |
| Nodules are seen in the walls of small and large intestines. | Oesophagostomum spp |
| Adults in Large intestine | Oesophagostomum spp |
| sheep and goats) | O. venulosum, O. columbianum |
| Swine Kidney worm | Stephanurus dentatum |
| Complex life cycle, including larval migration through liver | Stephanurus dentatum |
| Adults have “mottled” appearance | Stephanurus dentatum |
| Condemnation of liver at slaughter | Stephanurus dentatum |
| Gapeworm | Syngamus trachea |
| Adults are “in permanent copula | Syngamus trachea |
| Form a “Y” shape | Syngamus trachea |
| Reside in trachea/upper bronchi of avian species | Syngamus trachea |
| Pathology – dyspnea, suffocation & death | Syngamus trachea |
| Brown or Western Stomach Worm | Ostertagia (Teladorsagia) |
| cattle | O. ostertagia |
| sheep and goats | T. circumcinta |
| larval invasion of gastric glands (2 main types of disease): | Ostertagia (Teladorsagia) |
| weanling calves in first grazing season are target animals (late spring); diarrhea and weight loss (low mortality) | Type 1 |
| caused by rapid emergence of hypobiotic larvae, yearling calves enter second grazing season (late winter); may be high mortality | Type 2 |
| Barber Pole Worm | Haemonchus |
| Most severe in sheep | Haemonchus |
| Adults have small buccal capsule w/lancet to pierce mucosa and suck blood | Haemonchus |
| Gut - uterus and ovaries wind around blood-filled gut resembling a barber pole | Haemonchus |
| Direct life cycle | Haemonchus |
| Hypobiosis - important for larvae to over-winter in host and reemerge when conditions are better | Haemonchus |
| acute haemonchosis (10,000+ worms) in young causes anemia & bottle jaw. | Haemonchus |
| Chronic haemonchosis (100-1000 worms) | Haemonchus |
| Use a scale to measure blood loss (anemia) in sheep & goats | FAMACHA |
| Selective rather than whole-herd treatment | FAMACHA |
| Designed to delay the development of resistance in an unselected population (“refugia” or wild gene pool) which have a pool of sensitive genes. | FAMACHA |
| Thin-necked intestinal worm | Nematodirus |
| Hosts: cattle and sheep | Nematodirus |
| Acute diarrhea in young animals | Nematodirus |
| Eggs – LARGER than typical trichostrongyle egg | Nematodirus |
| Cattle Bankrupt Worm | Cooperia |
| Hosts: cattle, sheep & goats | Cooperia |
| Not highly pathogenic | Cooperia |
| May cause some diarrhea, anorexia & depressed growth | Cooperia |
| Resides in the small intestine | Cooperia |
| Very common species | Trichostronglylus axei |
| Can cross-infect between ruminants, horses, and swine | Trichostronglylus axei |
| Causes gastroenteritis in young animals (“black scours”) | Trichostronglylus axei |
| “Red stomach worm” | Hyostrongylus |
| Larvated eggs found in “fresh” feces | Hyostrongylus |
| Direct life cycle; no migration of larvae | Hyostrongylus |
| Larvae molt in the gastric mucosa | Hyostrongylus |
| Clinical signs: anemia, poor appetite, stomach nodules & ulceration | Hyostrongylus |
Created by:
alljacks
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