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Vet Benzodiazepines
anti-anxiety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Benzodiazepines are most commonly used ____________ medication | anti-anxiety |
| They are also grouped in ____________ medication | sedative-hypnotic |
| They are also classified as centrally mediated ____________ ____________ | muscle relaxants |
| Mechanism of action: CNS depression specific to the areas in ____________, _________ and ______ system of the brain | hypothalamic, thalamic, limbic |
| Indications | anxiety relief, sedation, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxants, appetite stimulant, retrograde amnesia |
| Sedative effects through depression of | limbic system |
| Muscle relaxing effect via inhibiting of the ______ at the spinal level | internunical neurons |
| There are two major inhibitory amino acid neuro transmitters in the CNS= | glycine and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) |
| _______ performs inhibitory function in the spinal cord, brain stem and retina. | glycine. |
| GABA is found in the __________ and _________ | cerebrum and cerebellum |
| Benzodiazepines action is through _________ of specific (BZ) receptors | stimulation |
| There are as many as __________ variations of BZ receptors | 6 |
| How many categories of action can be identified | 3 |
| Agents which _________ _________ bindings and - induced ___________ current are known agonist. | increases GABA, chloride |
| Drugs that reduce ______ ______ binding and induce _______ _______ are known as inverse agonists. | both GABA, chloride influx |
| Drugs that reduce both GABA and induce Chloride influx are known as | inverse agonists |
| inverse agonists are responsible for | anxiety, convulsion and analeptic properties |
| The third group the genuine antagonist of both agonist and inverse agonist are drugs that bind but have no efficacy at the site, _________ is a drug of this type | flumazenil |
| How many types of GABA receptors are found at pre and post synaptic site | 2 |
| what are the GABA type of receptors found at pre and post synaptic site. | A & B |
| Important to remember is that Benzodiazepines potentates the action of __________ and increases the frequency of _________ channel opening. | GABA, Chloride (Cl) |
| Benzodiazepines derivatives are | Diazepam, Midazolam, Chloradiazepoxide, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Zolazepam, Chlodiazepam. |
| Which Benzodiazepines are used in Veterinary Medicine | Diazepam, Midazolam, Zolazepam, Chlodiazepam |
| What are the common names for BZ used in Veterinary Medicine | Valium, Versed, Zolazepam, Chlodiazepam |
| How many BZs are we learning about | 8 |
| How many BZs are used in Veterinary Medicine | 4 |
| What is the acronym for the BZs use in Vet Med. | DMZC |
| Name for Diazepam | Valium |
| Name for Midazolam | Versed |
| Name for Chloradiazepoxide | Librium |
| Name for Lorazepam | Ativan |
| Name for Alprazolam | Xanax |
| Name for Clonazepam | Klonopin |
| This drug is insoluble in water, solution contains solvent propylene glycol, ethanol and sodium benzoate in benzoic acid | Diazepam |
| IV injection of __________ can cause thrombophlebitis. | Diazepam |
| Can Diazepam be used orally? | Yes |
| Which of these can Diazepam pass through? the blood-brain barrier or placental barrier | Both |
| What percent of Diazepam is protein bound | almost 90% |
| Diazepam's half life is | 6 to 21 hours |
| How is diazepam metabolized | in the liver by demethylation and hydroxylation |
| In the liver diazepam is demthylated and hydroxylated to how many forms | 3 |
| what are the active forms of diazepam demethylated and hydroxylated by the liver | N-demethyldiazepam, 3-hydroxydiazepam and oxazepam |
| Diazepam metabolites are conjugated to ________ by the liver. | glucuronide |
| Glucuronide is excreted by | Kidneys |
| Is the toxcity of Diazepam low or high | low |
| How do you treat an overdose of Diazepam | with flumazenil |
| Clinical Uses for Diazepam include | convulsion control, used in dog, cat, horse to prevent post-op convulsion caused by use of contrast media into spinal cord for radiography, premedication for sedation, etc |
| Diazepam has been used as muscle relaxation with what other drugs to perform minor surgical procedures | ketamin, xylazine, opiods, etc |
| This drug is water soluble and not painful given IV | Midazolam |
| Midazolam is metabolized by | the liver |
| what is the half life of Midazolam | shorter than Diazepam |
| Midazolam effects on repiratory and cardivascular are | minimal like others in the group |
| Midazolam are used widely with combinations of | opioids |
| Does Midazolam readily cross the blood-brain barrier | yes |
| which is more potent Midazolam or Diazepam | Midazolam |
| Midazolam clinical uses include | anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, appetite stimulant |
| what is the acronym for Midazolam clinical uses | the AMA |
| Midazolam is combined with | ketamine and other anesthetics |
| Diazepam and Midazolam can cause what type of changes in dogs and cats | behavior |
| Midazolam can cause these animals restless, to pace, vocalize, and difficult to approach | cats |
| can midazolam cause an increase or decrease in food consumption | increase |
| what drug antagonizes the effects of all benzodiazepines | flumazenil |
| what is another name for flumazenil | romazicon |
| what action speed of flumazenil | rapid 2 to 4 minutes |
| Reversal by flumazenil is or is not accompanied by anxiety and cardiovascular effects | is not |
| how long does the antagonistic effects of flumazenil effects last | about 60 minutes |
| should you ever redose flumazenil | yes it may be required |
| Zolazepam is sold in combination with | tiletamine |
| in what ration is zolazepam and tiletamine sold in | 1 : 1 |
| what is the combination of zolazepam and tiletamine called? | telazol. |
| Telazole contains what | 250mg of zolazepam and 250mg of tiletamine |
| tiletamine is a dissociative agent similar to | ketamine |
| Telazole is widely used in | ruminants |
Created by:
alljacks
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