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Vitamin Analysis
Food Analysis Final Exam
Define vitamin. | A low molecular weight organic compound required by humans in small amounts for normal metabolism. |
Name three units which vitamins can be expressed in. | International units (IU), United States pharmacopeia (USP) units, % daily value (DV) |
Which vitamins are water soluble? | CB |
Which vitamins are fat soluble? | ADEK |
T or F: It is possible to analyze all vitamins by one technique. | False |
Name three analytical methods which can be used for vitamin analysis. | Bioassays, microbiological assays, chemical assays |
Which vitamins can bioassays analyze? | D, B12 |
Which vitamins can microbiological assays analyze? | niacin, folate |
Which vitamins can chemical assays analyze? | A, E, C, thiamin, riboflavin |
Name three sensitivities to vitamins. | light, oxygen, pH, heat |
Name four methods of vitamin extraction. | heat, acid, ,alkali, solvent, saponification, enzymes |
_____ methods are used in bioavailability studies. | Bioassay |
Describe how vitamin D bioassay methods are completed. | Measure bone calcification after feeding animals known and unknown amounts of Vitamin D; "line test". |
Describe the principle behind microbiological assays. | The growth of microorganisms is proportional to their requirement for a specific vitamin. |
Trienzyme digestion is the AOAC method used to determine amounts of _____. | folate |
Normal phase HPLC and UV detection are methods used to determine amounts of vitamin ___ (along with saponification and extraction). | A |
Normal phase HPLC and fluorescence detection are methods used to determine amounts of vitamin ___ (along with saponification and extraction). | E |
Describe how vitamin C is analyzed. | L-ascorbic acid is oxidized, and a drops of dye are added in excess until appearance is pink; the volume of dye used is correlated to the amount of vitamin C. |
What should be done is a vitamin C sample is colored? | Change absorbance to 545 nm, |
T or F: The pink endpoint method measures both forms of ascorbic acid. | False |
T or F: The microfluorometric method measures both forms of ascorbic acid. | True |
Describe how thiamin is analyzed. | After extraction with heat and acid, sample is enzyme hydrolyzed and oxidized to thiochrome before measured for fluorescence. |
Describe how riboflavin is analyzed. | After extraction with heat and acid, interfering material in sample is oxidized and fluorescence is measured. |