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Clinical Procedures2
Transfusion Medicine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does DEA stand for? | Dog Erythrocyte Antigen |
| Can a dog receive a blood transfusion without matching blood types the first time? | Yes. The second time, if it is 4 days after the initial transfusion, it will have to be matched. |
| What is the universal canine donor blood type? | DEA 1.1 negative and DEA 1.2 negative |
| What is the reason that dogs can receive the first transfusion without matching blood types? | There is usually not an antigen-antibody reaction on a first transfusion and dogs do not have naturally occurring alloantibodies. |
| What is an alloantibody? | an antibody that reacts with an antigen from a genetically different individual of the same species. |
| If a dog has a severe reaction to a blood transfusion it is usually from which blood type administration? | DEA 1.1 positive |
| If a dog needs a second blood transfusion after it's initial transfusion 2 days later, can you give it another one with the same donor blood? | Yes. If it is within 4 days of the initial transfusion |
| What are the blood types of felines? | A, B, and AB |
| Which one is the most prevalent? | A |
| Which feline blood type is the most rare? | AB |
| Can cats receive their first transfusion without matching blood types? | NO-they will most likely have a reaction if given type B blood because it has very strong naturally occurring alloantibodies |
| Do type A cats have strong alloantibodies? | no theirs are weak anti-B alloantibodies |
| What is autoagglutination? | red bloods clumping |
| A dog with DEA 1.1 negative blood and a dog with DEA 1.1 positive blood can receive blood from what blood type? | DEA 1.1 negative |
| What is the age range for a dog to be a blood donor? | 1-6 years |
| How much in pounds should a blood donor at least weigh? | 55 lb |
| What should the PCV be of a blood donor dog? | equal to or greater than 40% |
| If a dog has just recently been vaccinated, can it give blood? | No. It cannot give blood for at least 4 weeks. |
| If a dog is DEA 1.1 positive, who can he receive blood from? | DEA 1.1 positive only |
| What is the PCV of a donor cat supposed to be before donating? | equal to or greater than 35% |
| What is the site for blood collection on a dog or cat? | jugular |
| How long is whole blood usable if it is stored with anticoagulant-preservative? | 21 days |
| What samples are needed to perform a major cross match? | recipient plasma and donor RBC |
| What samples are needed to perform a minor cross match? | donor plasma and recipient RBC |
| If there is an incompatibility in blood types when performing a major or minor cross match what will you see? | hemolysis and agglutination |
| How are blood products given to a recipient? | IV |
| If a puppy or kitten need a blood transfusion and their veins are too small what other method can we use? | IO |
| What does IO stand for? | intraosseous |
| What bones can be used for IO blood transfusions? | trochanteric fossa of femur, wing of ilium and shaft of humerus |
| What is the infusion rate for blood transfusions? | 0.25-1 ml/kg/hr for 15-20 minutes |
| What is the usual length of time that it takes for a blood transfusion to be administered? | 2 hours |
| Why do the blood administration sets have filters on them? | to catch any blood clots that might have formed |
| If a cat has an acute intravascular hemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion what is the usual cause? | mismatched transfusion--a Type A giving to a type B |
| If a dog has an acute intravascular hemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion what is the usual cause? | the recipient most likely had a previous transfusion without matching blood types and it made antibodies against the donor blood type |
| What are some of the signs that an animal is having a reaction to the blood transfusion? | pyrexia, vomiting, urticaria, pruritis |
| Before a blood transfusion is given, what should the veterinary nurse do to the patient? | Get a baseline on temperature, mm, CRT,PCV, total plasma protein, RR, pulse, urine color, and attitude of patient |
| What anticoagulant is used for blood collection? | sodium citrate |
| If you miscalculated how much blood the dog needed and you gave it too much blood, what would be the signs that you would see in your patient? | coughing, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and vomiting |
| What is the only fluid that should be used if needed when giving a blood transfusion? | normal saline |
| Post bloodwork on a blood transfusion recipient should be done when? | 60-90 minutes after tranfusion |
| What bloodwork should be run post transfusion? | PCV/TS |
| What is neonatal isoerythrolysis? | This occurs when a female animal of one blood type is mated to a male of another. Neonates that inherit the blood group of the sire develop hemolytic anemia when they ingest colostrum containing antibodies against their and the sire’s erythrocytes. |
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spoitevint
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