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FoodMicroLecture 16
Food Micro Midterm 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define a surrogate microorganism. | A non-pathogenic species and strain responding to a particular treatment in a manner equivalent to a pathogenic species and strain. |
| Why is using a surrogate microorganism advantageous? | They allow for biological verification of the treatment without introducing pathogens into a food processing area. |
| What are the two types of food safety challenge studies with surrogate organisms? | Growth inhibition studies, pathogen inactivation studies. |
| What are surrogate organisms used to validate? | Processing procedures, product storage conditions, shelf-life. |
| When are surrogates necessary? | In-plant validations studies |
| What are three things which surrogates cannot do? | Persist in processing environment, become a spoilage microorganism, gain virulence |
| The number of surrogates ideally should _____ with those of the pathogen of concern. | correlate |
| The surrogate should exist in _____ numbers than the pathogen during the existence. | higher |
| Surrogates based on pathogen of concern are implicated in _____ or _____. | risk assessment, prior history |
| What are three desirable characteristics of surrogate organisms? | Easy to differentiate from background microflora, genetically stable, easily enumerated |
| Define a cocktail. | A mixture of a number of individual strains of surrogates. |
| What is the advantage to cocktails? | Reduces the possibility of choosing the wrong strain as the 'most appropriate strain'. |
| What is the disadvantage of cocktails? | It is difficult to see subtle differences between individual strains. |
| What is the difference between pathogenicity and virulence? | Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to cause illness, while virus refers to the degree to which illness is caused. |
| Define a BSL 2 organism. | Microorganisms which pose moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. |
| Give an example of a BSL 2 organism. | Salmonella |
| Define a BSL 1 organism. | Microorganisms which pose no evidence for safety concerns as a surrogate. |
| Name an example of a bacterial spore surrogate. | C. sporogenes |
| T or F: Surrogates for one process may not apply to another process. | True |
| T or F: C. sporogenes can be used to predict botulinum toxin production. | False |
| What organism is used as a surrogate for Salmonella? | E. faecium |
Created by:
goberoi
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