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Where, Why, and What
Veterinary Medical Terminology Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| plane | imaginary lines that are used descriptively to divide the body into sections |
| positional terms | describe body locations and relationships of one body structure to another |
| caudal | toward the tail |
| ventral | refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part |
| palmar | the caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| proximal | nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure |
| plantar | the caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus |
| deep | away from the surface |
| medial | toward the midline |
| cephalic | pertaining to the head |
| distal | farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure |
| superficial | near the surface |
| rostral | nose end of the head |
| cranial | toward the head |
| dorsal | refers to the back |
| midsaggital plane | plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves |
| sagittal plane | plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts |
| dorsal plane | plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts |
| transverse plane | plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| metr/o | uterus |
| uter/o | uterus |
| metri/o | uterus |
| oophor/o | ovaries |
| ovari/o | ovaries |
| dermat/o | skin |
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| optic/o | sight |
| ot/o | ears |
| aud/i | ears |
| aur/i | external ear |
| aur/o | external ear |
| coust/o | sound |
| acous/o | sound |
| adren/o | adrenals |
| orch/o | testes |
| orchi/o | testes |
| testicul/o | testes |
| gonad/o | gonads |
| pineal/o | pineal |
| pituit/o | pituitary |
| thyroid/o | thryoid |
| thyr/o | thyroid |
| neur/o | nerves |
| neur/i | nerves |
| ocul/o | eyes |
| opti/i | eyes |
| opt/o | eyes |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| encephal/o | brain |
| endocrine glands | groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly in to the bloodstream which transports them throughout the body |
| exocrine glands | groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ |
| organ | part of the body that performs a special function or functions |
| hist/o | combining form for tissue |
| tissue | group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function |
| histology | the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue |
| genetic disorder | any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes |
| congenital | denotes something that is present at birth |
| anomaly | deviation from what is regarded as normal |
| dorsal recumbency | lying on the back |
| ventral recumbency | lying on the belly |
| left lateral recumbency | lying on the left side |
| right lateral recumbency | lying on the right side |
| cytology | study of cells |
| retroperitoneal | superficial to the peritoneum |
| adduction | movement toward the midline |
| abduction | movement away from the midline |
| cyt/o | cell |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| mesentery | layer of the pertoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity |
| anaplasia | change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other |
| aplasia | lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell |
| -plasia | suffix used to describe formation, development, and growth in the number of cells in an organ or tissue |
| -trophy | suffix that means formation, development, and growth in the size of an organ or a tissue or individual cells. |
| dysplasia | abnormal growth or development of an organ or a tissue or a cell |
| hyperplasia | abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue |
| hypoplasia | incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue ora a cell |
| neoplasia | abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive |
| benign | not recurring |
| malignant | tending to spread and be life threatening |
| -oma | tumor or neoplasm |
| atrophy | decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell |
| dystrophy | defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell |
| hypertrophy | increase in the size of an organ or tissue or cell |
| adip/o | combining form for fat |
| epithelial tissue or epithelium | covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements |
| body cavity | hole or hollow space in the bdoy that contains and protects internal organs |
| cranial cavity | hollow space that contains the brain in the skull |
| spinal cavity | hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column |
| peritoneal cavity | hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and visceral pertoneum |
| abdominal cavity | hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity |
| thoracic cavity | hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm |
| pelvic cavity | hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems organs bounded by the pelvic bones |
| dental arcade | how teeth are arranged in the mouth |
| physi/o | combining form meaning nature |
| path/o | combining form meaning disease |
| eti/o | combining form meaning to cause |
| -logist | specialist |
| card/o | combining form for heart |
| lingual surface | aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue |
| palatal surface | the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue |
| buccal surface | aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek |
| occlusal surfaces | aspects of the teeth that meet when the animal chews |
| labial surface | tooth surface facing the lips |
| contact surface | aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth |
| mesial contact surface | one closest to to the midline of the dental arcade arch |
| distal contact surface | one furthest from the midline of the dental arcade |
| anatomy | study of body structure |
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