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VT-121 Chapter 1
Intro to Animal Anatomy and Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The form and structure of the body and it's parts. |
| Physiology | The functions of the body and it's parts. |
| Regional anatomy | Examination of the components of each region of the body. |
| Systemic anatomy | Examination of the different systems of the body. |
| Skeletal system | Bones and joints |
| Integumentary system | Skin, hair, nails and hooves |
| Nervous system | Central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, etc.) and peripheral nerves |
| Cardiovascular system | Heart and blood vessels |
| Respiratory system | Lungs and air passageways |
| Digestive system | Gastrointestinal tube and accessory digestive organs (stomach, small and large intestine, etc.) |
| Muscular system | Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle |
| Endocrine system | Endocrine glands and hormones |
| Urinary system | Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra |
| Reproductive system | Male and female reproductive structures (testes, ovaries, etc.) |
| Sagittal plane | A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right parts. |
| Median plane | A type of sagittal plane the runs down the center of the body lengthwise and divides it into equal left and right parts. |
| Transverse plane | A plane across the body that divides it into cranial and caudal parts that are not necessarily equal. |
| Dorsal plane | A plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts that are not necessarily equal. |
| Left | The animal's left side. |
| Right | The animal's right side. |
| Cranial | Toward the head. |
| Caudal | Toward the tail. |
| Rostral | Toward the nose. |
| Dorsal | Toward the back. |
| Ventral | Toward the belly. |
| Medial | Toward the median plane. |
| Lateral | Away from the median plane. |
| Deep | Toward the center of the body or body part. |
| Superficial | Toward the surface of the body or body part. |
| Proximal | Toward the body. |
| Distal | Away from the body. |
| Palmar | The back surface of the front leg distal from the carpus. |
| Plantar | The back surface of the rear leg distal from the tarsus. |
| Bilateral symmetry | The left and right halves of an animal's body are mirror images of each other. |
| Cranium | Cranial cavity. |
| Dorsal body cavity | Consists of the cranial and spinal cavity. |
| Cranial cavity | Contains the brain. |
| Spinal cavity | Contains the spinal cord. |
| Ventral body cavity | Consists of the thoracic and ventral cavities. |
| Cells | The basic functional units of animal life. |
| Tissues | Formed by specialized cells grouped together. |
| Organs | Made of groups of tissues that work together. |
| Systems | Groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities. |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body. |
| Viscera | Soft organs |
| Visceral pleura | Covers organs of the thoracic cavity |
| Parietal pleura | Lines the entirety of the thoracic cavity |
| Visceral peritoneum | Covers the organs of the abdominal cavity |
| Parietal peritoneum | Lines the entirety of the abdominal cavity |
| Skeletal muscle | Moves bones, voluntary |
| Cardiac muscle | Makes up the heart, involuntary |
| Smooth muscle | Found in internal organs, involuntary |
Created by:
kburdick
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