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Ag Enviro Y2

evolution and population genetics lecture 6

QuestionAnswer
Evolution change of inherited characteristics of groups of organisms
microevolution change in allele and genotype frequencys over time
population localised group of individuals belonging to the same species that exhibit reproductive continuity from generation to generation
species a group of organisms whose members can interbreed and produce fertile organisms
The two aspects of the origin of the species are descent with modifications and natural selection
support for Darwins theory comes from fossil records, intermediate species, DNA sequencing and anatomical features such as the pentadactyl limb
an example of microevolution is the peppered moth
the Hardy- Weinburg theorem states that the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population remains constant over the generation unless acted upon by evolutionary forces
p2 + 2pq = q2= 1 if a population is in Hardy - Weinburg equilibrium
To conserve Hardy - Weinburg equilibrium 5 conditions must apply...they are no mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, no selection and random mating must occur
genetic drift is changes in allele frequencies due to chance...occurs mostly in small populations
the bottleneck effect means that most genotypes do not go to the next generation, this leads to extreme genetic similarities and leaves populatons suseptable to disease. examples include Cheetas and the Elephant Seal
The founder effect means that a few organisms colonise a habitat and rare alleles occur at a high frequency ...extra fingers in the Amish people and retinitis pigmentosa on Tristan
Gene flow occurs between populations of the same species only and can cause a population to gain or lose a trait
mutations can cause A change in DNA, variation, and they are spontaneous, random and rare
positive natural selection occurs if for example you have the duffy gene you may also be resistant to malaria
if you have sickle cell anaemia this may also confer resistance to malaria
Created by: MKHealy
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