Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AgEny L5 DNA
structure of DNA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chargaffs rules | Adenine pairs with thymine. guanine pairs with cytosine |
| Rosalind Franklin | studied the structure of DNA using xrays. she discovered that DNA is a helix and that it has repeating patterns |
| Watson and Crick | DNA is a polymer of nucleic acids with a sugar phosphate backbone on the outside and base pairs on the inside |
| purines are | adenine and guanine |
| pyramidines are | thymine and cytosine( keep the ys together) |
| there are two hydrogen bonds between | adenine and thymine |
| there are three hydrogen bonds between | guanine and cytosine |
| number of base pairs per turn of DNA | 10 |
| antiparallel means | that one chain goes upwards and the other chain goes downwards. the chain is read from 5'to 3' |
| a gene is determined by | the order of bases along a segment |
| genetic material must be | able to replicate, under go variation and evolve |
| replication in DNA is described as | semiconservative ...one of the original strands are in each new strand |
| enzyme which unwinds DNA | Helicase |
| enzyme which attaches a primer to commence replication | RNA Polymerase |
| Enzyme which attaches nucleotides | DNA Polymerase |
| Steps in replication | the parent molecule has two complementary strands, the two strands are separated by enzymes, each old strand acts as a template for a new strand |
| cellular and biochemical processes are controlled by | genes |
| genes code for | a polypeptide |
| lysozyme consists of | a single polypeptide chain |
| haemoglobin consists of | several polypeptide chains |
| there are two stages in protein synthes | transcription and translation |
| transcription occurs in the nucleus | RNA polymerase makes mRNA |
| TRanslation occurs in the cytoplasm/ribosome | a polypeptide chain is made using the information on mRNA |
| every 3 bases on mRNA is called | a codon |
| tRNA carrys in( this is the anticodon) | an amino acid to mRNA |
| mRNA is processed before it | leaves the nucleus |
| a cap attached to the 5' end of mRNA | helps the ribosome to attach to it |
| a poly-A-tail is attached to the 3' end | this helps mRNA out of the nucleus and prevents breakdown by enzymes |
| introns are removed by | enzymes |
| anino acids join to form | a polypeptide |
| number of commonly occurring amino acids | 20 |
| several codons can code for | 1 amino acid |
| GAA and GAG | glutamic acid |
| a mutation is | a change in the genetic material of an organism |
| a point mutation is | a change involving one or a few base pairs |
| if mutations occur on the introns | they are not expressed |
| mutations can be | substitution SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism , insertions or deletions |
| replacements involve | swapping one nucleotide for another |
| insertions or deletions...indels | addition or loss of one or more nucleotide pairs, all codons after frameshift cannot be read especially if this does not occur in . multiples of 3. Acridine |
| silent mutations occur when | the new base sequence also codes for the same amino acid. UAA<UGA<UAG all = stop |
| missense mutation | new base sequence does not code for the same amino acid, if new AA similar to original one change might not be noticed |
| example of missense mutation | sickle cell anaemia |
| nonsense mutations | a substitution changes an amino acid codon to a stop codon |
| mutations in DNA caused by | xrays, radon, uv light, chemicals including AZT,nitrous acid, and acridine |
| viral polymerase uses AZT instead of the base | thymine |
| a kilo base pair | one thousand pairs |
| mega base pair | million base pairs |
| giga base pair | billion base pairs |
| tera base pair | trillion base pairs |
| Analysis of SNPs(genetic markers) | used for genomic selection programme in dairy and beef cattle |
Created by:
MKHealy
Popular Agriculture sets