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Clinical Med III
Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oral ulcers can be found in felines with ___________. | Calicivirus |
| FHV and FCV clinical signs will both last _________. | 5-10 days |
| All the following can be spread through direct contact, aerosol, and fomites except ___ . | FIV |
| ______________ can be found in cats wild and domestic, raccoons, and mink. | Panleukopenia |
| Which of the following does not have an injectable vaccine ? | FIP |
| Which of the following has a poor prognosis in young kittens but guarded in older cats? | Panleukopenia |
| Which of the following has a mortality rate of almost 100% even with therapy? | FIP |
| Elisa snap tests should be used to diagnosis FIV in kittens until ____________. | 6 months old |
| The route of transmission of FIV is ___________. | Bite wounds |
| FIV virus replication takes place in _______. | T cells |
| Recovered carriers of FVR shed the virus intermittently when reactivated by ___________________. | Any stressful event. |
| Ascites can be found in felines with _______. | Wet FIP |
| True or False: There are 2 types of FIV, wet and dry. | False, FIP |
| True or False: Ascites can put pressure on the diaphragm and cause difficulty breathing. | True |
| True or False: We want to treat infectious respiratory disease on an inpatient basis due to the high mortality rate. | False, OUTPATIENT basis due to LOW mortality rate |
| True or False: Intranasal vaccine can cause side effects and take longer to become effective. | False, take SHORTER to become effective |
| True or False: Lysine is used when we suspect FVR because it interferes with herpes viral replication. | True |
| True or False: FVR and FCV are susceptible to most disinfectants. | False, FCV needs bleach |
| True or False: A feline with Panleukopenia would normally show leukopenia in their blood work. | True |
| True or False: Young kittens with Panleukopenia have a mortality rate of 50-90% | True |
| True or False: Cats with FIP will rarely have a fever. | False, TYPICALLY have a fever |
| True or False: Panleukopenis is a decrease in all blood cells, and can be found with many feline diseases. | False, a decrease in WBC |
| True or False: T cells are a type of WBC. | False, LYMPHOCYTE |
| True or False: Felines with FeLV routinely have abnormal liver tests and azotemia. | False, FIP |
| Coronavirus that undergoes a genetic change. | Wet and Dry Feline Infectious Peritonitis |
| Closely related to K9 parvovirus. | Panleukopenia |
| Caused by Feline Herpesvirus-1 | Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis |
| Recovered carriers shed virus in mucoid discharge and saliva for months to years. | Feline Calicivirus |
| Is a retrovirus | Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) |
| Very similar to HIV | Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) |
| The virus can grow in human cell cultures but has no evidence of infecting humans. | Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) |
| Can cause pyogranulomas | Dry Feline Infectious Peritonitis (Dry FIP) |
| Ascites is a common clinical sign | Wet Feline Infectious Peritonitis (Wet FIP) |
| Name 2 viruses that are often found more in male cats | 1. FIV 2. FeLV |
| What is the difference between Primary an d Secondary viremia? | Primary - exposed and trying to create an immunity Secondary - have not created an immunity and have virus for life |
| Cancerous tumors such as lymphosarcoma can be found with what disease? | FeLV |
| Which vaccine will cause false positives when testing a cat later in life? | FIV |
| Name 2 reasons most clinics use injectable vaccines instead of intranasal | 1. Easier to administer 2. Animals don't shed the disease in the environment. |
| Name the disease that we use abdominocentesis to help diagnosis and describe what the sample will look like if it has that disease. | Wet FIP, yellow, thick, and stringy |
| Stomach Worm | physaloptera spp. |
| Canine Distemper is caused by a virus closely related to _______. | Measles |
| Canine Adenovirus-1 is also referred to as ________________. | Canine Hepatitis |
| Canine infectious tracheobronchitis can be caused by which of the following? | 1. Bordetella bronchiseptica 2. Canine parainfluenza virus 3. Canine adenovirus type 2 |
| A "goose honk" can be found in pet's with which of the following? | Laryngitis |
| When treating a dog positive for leptospirosis, with abnormal kidney values, which antibiotic would you not choose? | Tetracycline |
| We often use antitussives when treating kennel cough, what symptom is it treating? | Cough |
| Which disease can cause hyperkeratosis of the footpads ? | Canine Distemper |
| Hypersalivation can be seen in pets with which of the following? | Rabies |
| Canine Distemper can have a fatality rate of up to __ %. | 90% |
| When an animal suspected of having rabies dies, _________________________________________. | Send to an appropriate rabies testing lab. |
| What is the expected prognosis for a parvo positive do with leukopenia? | Poor |
| True or False: When dealing with rabid animals most present with the same normal signs, atypical presentations are rare. | False, presentations are NORMAL |
| True or False: Household bleach can be referred to as sodium hypochlorite. | True |
| True or False: Lymphopenia can be found when diagnosising distemper. | True |
| True or False: Fever-death is typical for parvovirus | False, Hepatitis |
| True or False: Bilateral corneal opacities are a first sign of canine hepatitis. | False, 7-10 days after |
| True or False: Parvovirus was discovered in 1978, however newer strains are more virulent. | True |
| True or False: Parvovirus stops shedding around day 8-12. | True |
| True or False: Leptospirosis can live and multiply outside the host as long as in optimum environment. | False, can not multiply |
| True or False: There are 4 strains of leoptospirosis that affect canines. | False, 5 strains |
| True or False: When treating a dog with parvovirus, we can give SQ fluids with added dextrose as long as the pet is not vomitin. | False, NEVER ADD DEXTROSE |
| Acute viral encephalomyelitis | Rabies |
| In the Rhabdovirus family | Rabies |
| Can be caused by Parainfluenze virus | Kennel Cough |
| Caused by Adenovirus-1 | Hepatitis |
| Caused by Adenovirus-2 | Kennel Cough |
| Caused by Paramyxovirus | Distemper |
| Hemorrhagic enteritis | Parvovirus |
| Caused by a spirochete | Leptospirosis |
| Caused by Bordetella bronchispetica | Kennel Cough |
| Name 3 stages of rabies. | 1. Prodomal 2. Excitable 3. Paralytic |
| Name all the zoonotic disease form the canine diseases section. | 1. Leptospirosis 2. Rabies |
| Name 3 breeds that when positive for parvovirus is at a higher risk of severe disease. | 1. Rottweiler 2. Doberman Pinscher 3. English Springer Spanial |
| Name one common animal that may carry leptospirosis other than a dog | Deer |
| Flea Tapeworm | Dipylidium caninum |
| Which of the following can be associated with frothy diarrhea? | Giardia |
| Metronidazole is labeled to be used to treat which of the following? | Giardia |
| What type of fecal solution is commonly used when looking for Coccidia and Giardia | Zinc Sulfate |
| Eimeria spp. is what type of parasite? | Coccidia |
| Coccidia sporulation will occur rapidly between ___ C and __ C. | 30-37 |
| Bartonella is usually spread to humans through ____________. | Bite/scratch |
| Which form of Giardia do we find in intestinal tissues? | Trophozoites |
| __________ is one of the strains of Babesia that affect canines. | B. gibsoni |
| Hind leg edema can be seen in dogs with ____________. | Ehrlichiosis |
| When an owned animal gets attacked by a wild animal, is not current on vaccines, and has no clinical symptoms. | You should quarantine the pet for 6 months. |
| All of the following can be diagnosed by an IDESS 4DX snap test except? | Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
| True or False: it is best to use a sodium nitrate fecal solution to diagnose protozoan parasites | False, Zinc Sulfate |
| True or False: With Babesiosis there are 3 stage of infection: acute, subclinical, and chronic. The acute stage has very little clinical signs whereas the subclinical and chronic stages both have anemia, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. | False, Acute stage has NO clinical signs. |
| True or False: Humans infected with Bartonella are the most common way other humans are infected. | False |
| True or False: A tick must be attached for at least 72 hours in order to transmit any of the tick borne disease. | False, times vary with ticks form immediately to 72 hours. |
| True or False: The drug labeled to treat Cystoisospora spp. is Amoxicillin. | False, Cryptosporosis spp. |
| True or False: Babesia canis is considered zoonotic | True, rare but true |
| True or False: Panacur can be used to treat all protozoans. | False, not all |
| True or False: Bilateral corneal opacities occur 7-10 days after the first signs of canine hepatitis | True |
| True or False: Parvovirus stops shedding around day 8-12 | True |
| True or False: Leptospirosis can survive outside the host for up to 180 days in an optimum enviroment. | True |
| True or False: Intranasal vaccines can cause side effects and take longer to become effective. | False, SQ vaccines take longer to become effective |
| True or False: When dealing with rabid animals, atypical presentations are the norm. | True |
| True or False: Lysine is used when we suspect FVR because it interferes with herpes viral replication. | Trueq |
| True or False: Frontline plus can be used to help prevent tick borne diseases. | True |
| True or False: Humans will often see a "bull's eye" lesion at the site of a tick bite when they have Lyme disease. | True |
| Used to have a vaccine for this however no longer on the market in the US | Giardia |
| Cat Scratch Fever | Bartonella |
| Can be found in pregnant women causing abortion and still births | Toxoplasma |
| Trophozoites are the intestinal form of this parasite. | Giardia |
| This can be exacerbated by any type of stressful event. | Coccidia, and Babesia |
| Caused by an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite | Babesia |
| Oral/fecal contamination most often associated with contaminated water source. | Giardia |
| Spread by Rhipicephalis spp. | Babesia |
| Can be transmitted by a paratenic host | Coccidia, Giardia, and Toxoplasma |
| Borrelia burgdoferi | Lyme Disease |
| Can be transmitted through urine, most often found in contaminated ponds | Leptospirosis |
| Can be diagnosed quickly if a morulae is found in the patient's blood. | Ehrilichiosis |
| Is zoonotic and can be transmitted from blood in a tick when smashed. | Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
| What breed of dog id we discuss in class and what was its importance when associated with Babesia? | Greyhound, breed is often used for blood donors and predisposed with no signs or symptoms. |
| Name 1 way you can help protect you or your cat from Baronella | Flea Prevention |
| Name the 2 vaccines we discussed when testing an animal later in life using a snap test will give a false positive result. | 1. FIV 2. Lyme Disease |
| Antibiotics are used to treat tick borne diseases, which antibiotic do we NOT use in young animals? | Doxycycline |
| Bladder Worm | Pearsonema plica |
| Echinococcus spp. is which type of parasite? | Cestode |
| Heavy coated breeds such as Goldens, are predisposed to _______________________. | Acute moist dermatitis |
| Most dermatophyte media change color with growth of pathogenic organisms. The color change is from ______ to ___. | Yellow to Red |
| Approximately ___ of M. canis will be fluorescent when examined with a Wood's Lamp? | 50 % |
| Signs of atopy usually develops in dogs between _________. | 1-3 years |
| All of the following can contribute to allergic skin disease except? | 1. Humidity 2. Temperature 3. Hormones |
| Most common symptom of atopy is ________. | Pruritis |
| Dogs with atopy are usually _______________________. | "Seasonally" non-seasonal |
| What percentage of atopic dogs is otitis externa present? | 50 % |
| When doing allergy testing at a dermatology clinic, whey would most often want what tests ran? | 1. Intradermal 2. Serum |
| All of the following are main aspects of treating atopy except | acupuncture |
| The commonly involved areas in flea allergy dermatitis in cats that differs from that of the dog include which of the following | Head |
| Hot Spot | Acute Moist Dermatitis |
| Include a swollen and painful chin in both canine and feline patients | Acne |
| Found most commonly in breeds like Bassets, Shar peis, and Bulldogs | Skin Fold Dermatitis |
| Inhalant allergy | Atopy |
| Usually caused by demodex or metabolic diseases like hypothyroid | Deep Pyoderma |
| Includes hot spots, acne, and skin fold dermatitis | Superficial pyoderma |
| Allergy to flea saliva | Flea Allergy Dermatitis |
| Can be controlled with hydrolyzed proteins in most cases | Food Allergy Dermatitis |
| Caused by Sarcopti sabei or Demodex canis | Mange |
| Coffee ground appearing debris found with this | Ear mites |
| True or False: Treatment for Deep Pyodermas, starts with correcting the underlying problem | True |
| True or False: Superficial pyodermas usually do not scar and are very quick to heal completely. | False, Not quick to heal |
| True or False: A dog treated by a veterinarian recommended flea product should not have any clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis | False, fleas will still bite causing allergy |
| True or False: the only cure for skin fold pyoderma is surgical removal of excess skin | True |
| True or False: feline acne is unlike canine in that it is usually not a life long disease. | False, felines are life long |
| True or False: Benzoyl peroxide is used for atopy to help dry out any lesions | False, used for acne |
| True or False: Treatment for acute moist dermatitis usually involves applying something like cornstarch to dry out the area affected. | False, for Skin Folds |
| True or False: Steroids are used sparingly because they can prolong healing times and decrease immune function. | True |
| True or False: Demodex canis is a cigar shaped mite that can cuase localized or generalized mange that is non-puritic. | True |
| True or False: Cuterebra should be removed whole because if torn while removing from the patient can cause an allergic reaction. | True |
| Name 2 things that can be used as a novel protein | Dog - duck and kangaroo |
| Name 2 breeds that have a higher incidence of atopy | 1. Retrievers (Golden or Labrador) 2. Small Terriers (under 20 lbs) |
| Otitis externa can be the only symptom in pets with the dermatologic disorder. | Food Allergy Dermitisis |
| Explain hydrolyzed proteins and how they work | They are broken down into very small proteins, so they can not be recognized as an allergen |
| How long do we keep pets on a food trial to diagnose food allergies? | 8 weeks |
| What bones make up the stifle joint in a dog? | 1. Femur 2. Tibia 3. Patella |
| Hormone associated with secondary hypothyroidism is ___. | TSH |
| Insulin is produced by the pancrease and _______________________. | Decreases blood glucose |
| All of the following can be causes of Type 1 diabetes except? | Down-regulation of insulin receptors |
| Polyuria and polydipsis can be found with all the following diseases except? | Hypothyroidism |
| Hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed by ___________________. | T3, Total T4, and TSH |
| Which lab test provided an accurate evaluation of the average blood glucose concentration over a specific period and may be used to monitor animals with diabetes? | Fructosmaine |
| What is the most frequently seen thyroid disorder in cats? | Hyperthyroidism |
| Hills Y/D can be used for treatment for what disease? | Hyperthyroidism |
| What is the most frequently seen thyroid disorder in dogs? | Hypothyroidism |
| Thyroid disease in cats is usually seen at what age? | Middle aged to geriatric |
| True or False: Cushing's disease can look exactly the same as Addison's disease until testing is done. | True |
| True or False: Cushing's disease is Hyperadrenocorticism | True |
| True or False: Most cases of Cushing's patients will be pituitary dependent. | True |
| True or False: ACTH stimulation test includes a blood sample drawn for cortisol level in blood, administer IV dexamethasone, and one hour later draw a 2nd blood sample for cortisol levels. | False |
| True or False: Urine cortisol/creatinine ratio test is dagnostic test used for Addison's disease and gives us a definitive diagnosis | False |
| True or False: Mitotane is used to treat Cushing's disease but in doing so can cause Addison's disease. | True |
| True or False: Cushing's disease has a good to excellent prognosis unlike Addison's disease. | False |
| True or False: The treatment of choice for Addison's disease is removal of the adrenal tumor along with the adrenal gland. | False |
| True or False: Cataracts are found in most patients with Hyperthyroidism | False |
| True or False: Ketoacidosis is found with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and can have "acetone breath" | True |
| Clinical signs are due to excess of T3 and T4 | Hyperthyroidism |
| Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| 95% of all cases are a result of gradual destruction of thyroid gland. | Hypothyroidism |
| Results of damage/necrosis of adrenal cortex so no longer can produce hormones. | Primary Addison's |
| Due to deficient secretion of ACTH from pituitary gland that can be caused by sudden withdrawal of steroid administration. | Secondary Addison's |
| Pituitary gland secretes and excessive amount of ACTH, increasing adrenal gland to overproduce cortisol. | Pituitary-dependent Cushings |
| Tumor of the adrenal gland that produces excess cortisol. | Adrenal dependent Cushings |
| Excessive or prolonged administration of corticosteroids can cause this type | Latrogenic Cushings |
| Occurs when glucose isn't taken up into the cells, the liver compensates by burning more fatty acids as fuel. | Ketoacidosis |
| Insulin can be found in many different types. Name one insulin that is used in cats and what concentration does it come in. | Prozinc, U40 |
| Polyphagia, aggression and hyper excitability can be seen with what disease? | Hyperthyroidism |
| Why do we often find diabetes patients with UTIs? | Increased glucose in urine, which can attract bacteria |
| What type of testing do we use when trying to regulate diabetic dogs most often? What test do we use in cats most often? | Dogs-Blood Glucose Curve Cats-Fructosamine |
| What dose of insulin do we tell clients to use if a patient is "not eating"? | None, do not administer insulin |
| If one only had a regular 1cc syringe and the patient needed 20 units of Lente (Vetsulin) insulin. How many cc (ml) would I need to give the patient? | 20U / U40 = 0.5 ml |
| ACTH stimulation test can be used to diagnose 2 diseases. Which disease is associated with a low result and which is associated with a high result? | Low ACTH-Addison's Disease High ACTH-Cushing's Disease |
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rdoneal
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