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DU PA Peds Nutrition
Duke PA Pediatric Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 6 aspects are included in a pediatric nutrition assessment | Medical hx, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, social |
| Provides information about child’s physical growth. Measurements may be compared to growth charts | Anthropometric indicators |
| Laboratory values can provide information about a child’s macronutrients and micronutrients stores | Biochemical indicators |
| How much juice should a young child have per day | No more than 4 ounces |
| Head circumference is usually measured until what age | 3 years |
| What children have specialty growth charts | Those with Turner’s, Williams, Cornelia Delang or Down syndrome |
| Until what age should you use recumbent measurements for linear growth | 36 months |
| What measurement may be used for linear growth if a child cannot stand | Arm span |
| At what age is linear growth measured while standing | 3 years |
| Infants usually double birth wt between __ months | 4-6 |
| By the first year of life birth wt is __ | Tripled |
| Between 1-2 years average growth in stature is __ | 4 ¾ inches |
| Between 1-2 years, average growth in wt is __ | 5.5-6.6 lbs |
| After 9th to 10th year, wt increases at a rate of __ | 4 kg/year |
| Ht increases an average of __ per year until puberty | 6-8 |
| When can you introduce solids | When the child sits with balance, ready for high chair, transfers food from front of tongue to back, 4-6 months |
| How many calories do toddlers need | 90 calories/kg |
| __% of children with eating disorders are male | 5 |
| The baby should be put to breast within __ post birth | 1-2 hours |
| Precursor to milk | Colostrum |
| Milk transitions in between __ postpartum | 2-4 days |
| In the case of a premature infant and infants with special needs initiate pumping within __ after delivery | 6-8 hours |
| In the case of a premature infant and infants with special needs pump every __ hours around the clock | 3 |
| Ratio of weight ot the square of height in meters | BMI |
| CDC growth charts are not useful for assessing weight for height in __ | Teens |
| What are the key nutrients to be concerned with for children on a vegetarian diet | Calories, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 |
| Eating disorders can start as early as age | 9 |
| Childhood obesity is defined as | Greater than 90th percentile for wt for ht, or greater than or equal to the 95th percentile BMI for age and sex |
| What is the recommended calcium intake for 1-3 year olds | 500 mg/d |
| What is the recommended calcium intake for 4-8 year olds | 800 mg/d |
| What is the recommended calcium intake for 9-18 year olds | 1300 mg/d |
| Length increases by ____ and HC by ___ in the first year | Length 50-55% and HC 40% |
| Teen gains about ___% of adult height and ___% of adult weight during adolescence | 20% of height, 50% of weight |
| Peak height velocity | 9.5-10.3 cm/year (boys); 8.4-9.0 cm/year (girls) |
| Wt gain re: breastfed vs formula | formula-fed infants gain wt more rapidly than breastfed, esp after 3-4 months old; higher risk for later obesity |
| Cow's milk forumula | Iron fortified, veg oil (fat source); CHO = lactose; casein:whey varies; 20 kcal/oz |
| ____ formula not recommended for premature infants | Soy |
| Soy formula | CHO: sucrose/corn syrup (glucose oligomers); methionine; Ca & PO4 increased by 20% (to compensate for soy's interference with their absorption) |
| Protein hydrolysate formulas: disadvantages | Not recommended for colic, sleeplessness or irritability; expensive |
| Formula indicated for babies with food allergies | Amino acid-based; very expensive |
| Amino acid-based formula composition | CHO: corn syrup; fat: LCFA & MCT |
| Stomach capacity FT infant | 20-90 mL; inc to 90-150 ml by 1 month of age |
| Who is overweight/obese in NC? | 61% of adults; 27% of HS students |
| Number of kids getting adequate calcium | <1 in 10 girls & 1 in 4 boys (9-13 yo) |
| Therapeutic formulas: to treat: | digestive and absorptive insufficiency or protein hypersensitivity |
| After 2 y.o., fat should be ___% of diet | 20-30% |
| Marasmus sx | <70% of IBW; emaciation; loss of mx mass/subQ fat; dry skin/hair; atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue; monilial stomatitis; bradycardia, hypothermia |
| Kwashiorkor = | hypoalbuminemic, edematous malnutrition; inadequate protein intake |
| Kwashiorkor sx | <60-80% IBW; maintenance of subQ fat & mx mass atrophy; Flag sx (hair color changes: band); hyperpigmented hyperkeratosis; red macular rash (pellagroid) trunk/ext; flaky paint rash |
| Water-soluble vitamins | ADEK, B, C, folate |
| Fat-soluble vitamins | ADEKC, niacin, B6, tryptophan |
| B vitamin deficiencies & sequelae | B1 beriberi (BF kids <4 mos w/EtOH mom); B3 pellagra; B6 seizures; B12 pernicious anemia |
| Strict vegetarians need: | B12 supplement |
| Vit K prophylaxis at birth is to prevent: | HDN |
| vitamin ADEK deficiencies | A xerophthalmia (night blind, xerosis conjunctiva/cornea); D rickets/ craniotabes; E neuropathy; K |
| 7 essential minerals: | Ca, PO4, Mg, Na, P, Cl, S |
| Don't give fluoride before: | 6 months |
| Most abundant major mineral | Calcium |
Created by:
bwyche
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