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Medical Terminology
Week 3 - Muscles terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ambulation | a type of movement: walking, running or otherwise moving from one place to anotehr |
| skeletal muscle | striated and voluntary; long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with dark and light bands to create a strited or striped look; attach bones to the body and make motion possible |
| smooth muscle | non-striated, involuntary, visceral; spindle-shaped without stripes or striations; produce slow contractions to allow unconscious functioning of internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | striated, involuntary; elongated branched cells that lie parallel to each other and have dark and light bands; involuntary contraction of heart muscle |
| muscle fibers | long, slender cells that make up muscles |
| my/o | combining word for muscle |
| fibr/o or fibros/o | combining word for fibrous tissue |
| fascia (fasci/o, fasc/i) | a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers supports and separates muscles |
| tendon (tend/o, tendin/o, ten/o) | a narrow band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone (ie. "linea alba") |
| linea alba | a fibrous band of connective tissue on the ventral abdominal wall that is the median attachment of the abdominal muscles |
| aponeurosis (aponeur/o, pl: aponeuroses) | a fibrous sheet that provides attachment to muscular fibers and is a means of origin or insertion of a flat muscle |
| kinesiology (kinesi/o) | the study of movement |
| antagonistic muscles | muscles that work against or opposite of one another |
| synergistic muscles | muscles that contract at the same time as another muscle to help movement or support movement |
| contraction | means tightening (muscle becomes shorter and thicker) |
| relaxation | means lessening of tension (muscle returns to regular shape) |
| neuromuscular junction | the point at which nerve endings come into contact with muscle cells (muscles are signaled to contract or relax by the nerve impulses) |
| tonus (ton/o) | muscle tone; balance muscle tension |
| muscle origin | the place where a muscle begins or originates; is the more fixed attachment or end of the muscle closest to the midline |
| muscle insertion | the place where a muscle ends or inserts; is more movable end or portion of the muscle farthest from the midline |
| range of motion (ROM) | describes types of muscle movements |
| abductor muscle | muscle that moves a part away from the midline |
| adductor muscle | muscle that moves a part toward the midline |
| flexor muscle | muscle that bends a limb at its joint or decreases the joint angle |
| extensor muscle | muscle that straightens a limb or increases the joint angle |
| levator muscle | muscle that raises or elevates a part |
| depressor muscle | muscle that lowers or depresses a part |
| rotator muscle | muscle that turns a body part on its axis |
| supinator muscle | muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface upward |
| pronator muscle | muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface downard |
| pectoral muscles | located on the chest |
| epaxial muscles | located above the pelvic axis |
| intercostal muscles | located between the ribs |
| infraspinatus muscles | located beneath the spine of the scapula |
| inferior muscle | muscle that is below or deep |
| medius muscle | middle muscle |
| superior muscle | muscle that is above |
| externus muscle | outer muscle |
| internus muscle | inner muscle |
| orbicularis muscle | muscles surrounding another structure |
| rectus muscle fibers | straight; align with the vertical axis of the body |
| oblique muscle fibers | slanted; slant outward away from the midline |
| transverse muscle fibers | crosswise; form crosswise to the midline |
| sphincter | tight band; ring-like and constrict the opening of a passageway |
| biceps | muscles that generally have two divisions (heads) |
| triceps | muscles that generally have three divisions |
| quadriceps | muscles that generally have four divisions |
| axygous | muscles that are not paired or divided |
| minimus muscles | muscles that are small |
| maximus muscles | muscles that are large |
| latissimus | muscles that are broad |
| longissimus or gracilis | muscles that are narrow |
| deltoid muscles | muscles that look like the Greek letter delta (Δ) |
| quadratus muscles | muscles that are square or four-sided |
| rhomboideus muscles | muscles that are diamond-shaped |
| scaleus muscles | muscles that are unequally three-sided |
| teres muscles | muscles that are cylindrical |
| sartorious muscle | this muscle flexes and adducts the leg of a human to that position assumed by a tailor sitting cross-legged at work |
| gemellus muscle | a twinned muscle |
| gastrocnemius muscle | the leg muscle that resembles the shape of the stomach |
| electromyography (EMG) | process of recording the electrical activity of the muscle cells near the recording electrodes |
| electromyogram | the record of the strength of muscle contraction caused by electrical stimulation |
| adhesion | band of fibers that hold structures together in an abnormal fashion |
| ataxia | lack of voluntary control of muscle movement; "wobbliness" |
| dystrophy | defective growth |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles |
| fibroma (fibroid) | tumor composed of fully developed connective tissue |
| hernia | protrusion of a body part through tissues that it would normally contain |
| laxity | looseness |
| leiomyositis | inflammation of smooth tissue |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myoclonus | spasm of muscle |
| myopathy | abnormal condition or disease of muscle |
| myositis | inflammation of voluntary muscles |
| myotonia | delayed relaxation of muscle after contraction |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| tetany | muscle spams or twitching |
| myectomy | surgical removal of muscle or part of a muscle |
| myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle |
| myotomy | surgical incision into a muscle |
| tenectomy | surgical removal of a part of a tendon |
| tenotomy | surgical division of a tendon |
Created by:
mlmertens91
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