Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharmacology Day#3
GI, pain, analgesic
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stimulation of parasympathetic causes: | •Increase intestinal motility and tone •Increase intestinal secretions •Relaxation of sphincters |
| Stimulation of sympathetic causes | •Decreases intestinal motility and tone •Decreases intestinal secretions •Inhibits sphincters |
| GI hormones | stimulate gastric secretions, gallbladder emptying, gastric emptying |
| Histamine | causes increase in HCl acid in stomach |
| Vomiting | is initiated by activation of emetic center in medulla of brain |
| The vomiting center | connected by nerve pathways to chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ), cerebral cortex, and peripheral receptors in pharynx, GI tract, urinary system, and heart |
| Persistent vomiting | Causes dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and acid-base imbalances |
| Emetics | are drugs that induce vomiting, Given to animals that have ingested toxins |
| apomorphine | •Used for induction of vomiting dogs •Stimulates dopamine receptors in the CRTZ •Administer topically in conjunctival sac or parenterally |
| xylazine | emetic of choice in cats |
| Antiemetics | are drugs used to prevent or control vomiting |
| Phenothiazine derivatives | chlorpromazine is used in dogs and cats –More effective in dogs –aka Thorazine |
| Procainamide derivatives | metoclopramide has central and peripheral anti- emetic activities –May be administered often or in continuous drip –aka Reglan –Adverse effects: constipation |
| Antihistamines | diphenhydrinate (Dramamine) •diphenhydramine (Benadryl) •meclizine (Antivert) –effective when vomiting is result of motion sickness |
| NK-1 receptor antagonists: maropitant citrrate (Cerenia) | •Block binding of substance P (a neurotransmitter involved in vomiting) to NK-1 receptors in CRTZ •Adverse effects: diarrhea, bloody stool, anorexia, endotoxic shock, and otitis |
| Animals get gastric ulcers for various reasons including | stress, metabolic disease, gastric hyperacidity, and drug therap |
| Antiulcer Medications; cimetidine (Tagamet) | •Treats or prevents ulcers, gastric reflux, and esophagitis |
| Antiulcer Medications ranitidine (Zantac) | •Same as cimetidine •Dose twice daily (others are 3-4 times daily |
| Antiulcer Medications famotidine (Pepcid or Pepcid AC) | •Treats constipation and delayed gastric empty |
| Antiulcer Medications omeprazole (Prilosec and Gastrogard) | •Treats gastric or duodenal ulcers •Approved for use in horses and foals |
| Antiulcer Medications Antacids | decrease HCl levels in stomach for treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers (prevent absorption of other drugs) •magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia) •aluminum/magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta |
| Antiulcer Medications Gastromucosal protectants | are paste-like materials that form barrier over ulcer |
| Antiulcer Medications sucralfate (Carafate) | Only gastromucosal protectant commonly used in veterinary medicine –Adverse effects: constipation |
| misoprostal (Cytotec) | Prevents and treats gastric ulcers associated with use of NSAIDs |
| Antidiarrheal Medications: Narcotic analgesics(opiates) | effective in control of diarrhea; diphenoxylate (Lomotil) –loperamide (Imodium) paregoric/kaolin/pectin (Parepectolin) |
| Protectants/Adsorbents | coats mucosa to protect from irritation, binds toxins to prevent harmful effects. bismuth subsalicylate Caution: contains salicylic acid–activated charcoal (Toxiban) |
| Laxatives | are substances that loosen bowel contents and encourage their evacuation |
| Laxative: Saline/hyperosmotic agents | hold water in GI tract which softens stool •lactulose •magnesium hydroxide •epsom salts •fleet enema (dogs and foals) |
| Laxatives: Bulk-producing agents | are indigestible plant material that swell to stimulate peristalsis •Metamucil •Equine psyllium – relief and prevention of sand impaction in horsesl |
| Laxatives: Lubricants | are oils or hydrocarbon derivatives that soften fecal mass and make it easier to pass |
| Laxatives: mineral oil | is used to treat colic, impaction, and constipation in horses; used as a laxative in other specie |
| Laxatives: Surfactants/stool softeners | reduce surface tension and allow water to penetrate GI content |
| Laxatives: docusate sodium (Colase) | Tastes terrible if capsules are broken, cats will foam at mouth Pet-Enema, Enema SA |
Created by:
vettechstudent
Popular Veterinary sets