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Food Additives
FDSN524 Final Exam
Food additive | Anything else outside of the standard of identity for that food product. |
A ____ additive must be named on the food label. A ______ additive is added in small amounts during some phase of production. | direct, indirect |
Food Additives Amendment | Additives must be proven safe before added to food. |
Delaney Cause | Prohibited a tolerance on any additive that was a known carcinogen. |
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act | Defined materials as "dietary ingredients" rather than "food additives"; no health claims for dietary supplements. |
Additives must give both ______ and _______ effects. | physical, technical |
T or F: Additives can be used to disguise poor quality and improve flavor. | False |
T or F: There is no GRAS exception for synthetic color additives. | True |
Name four functions of food additives. | Preservatives, nutritional, sensory agents, processing agents, shelf life |
Name five types of food additives. | Humectants, Irradiation, Preservatives, Pre-probiotics, leavening agents |
Antimicrobial | Inhibit growth of pathogenic or spoilage organisms. eg. sodium chloride, acetic acid |
Antioxidant | Prevent free radical reaction; prevents deterioration of fat, color, flavors (oxidation) |
Curing agents inhibit growth of _____ bacteria. | C. botulinum |
Name four flavor enhancers. | MSG, salt, aspartame, vanillin, |
Stabilizers provide ______, _______, and ______ to the food formula. | viscosity, consistency, texture |
Name five categories of food additives. | Anticaking compounds, antioxididants, emulsifiers, food colors, irradiation, sweeteners, preservatives |
Gives two examples of anticaking compounds. | Silicon Dioxide, aluminum phosphate |
T or F: Antifoamers must have higher surface tension than the system it is being added to. | False |
T or F: Alkaline earth and heavy metal ions are reported to stiffen bread doughs. | True |
Chelating agents | Form complex with trace metals making them inactive, reducing discoloration, turbidity, and oxidation in food products |
Water insoluble colors are _____. They are used to color food with high fat content. | lakes |
What are the three components of flavor? | Taste, odor, perception of heat/cool |
What are four constituents of flavors? | Sweetness, organic acids, salt, astringency |
MSG is a _______. | flavor enhancer |
Humectants | Function to maintain moisture and texture in foods. |
What are the three most commonly used preservatives? | Benzoates, sorbates, propionates |