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Vt107 pharmacology 2
Pharamology Dr.Musa quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The pancreas produces two principal hormones | –Insulin produced by beta cells; causes decrease in blood glucose levels –Glucagon produced by alpha cells; promotes increase in blood glucose levels |
| Diabetes mellitus | Type I – results from inadequate secretion of insulin •Insulin-dependent –Most common type in dogs and cats –Type II – results from resistance of tissue to action of insulin |
| Diabetes mellitus clinical signs | Both forms cause PU/PD, polyphagia, and weight loss |
| Why do we use caution when using corticosteroids, epinephrine, and progesterone in diabetic patients? | because they tend to increase blood glucose levels |
| Can insulin still be efffective given orally? | Insulin is not effective when given orally because digestive tract breaks down protein molecule before it can be absorbed |
| Insulin is usually classified according to its duration | Short acting –Intermediate acting –Long acting |
| Regular insulin (Humulin R and Navolin R) | is fast acting insulin that can be administered IV,IM or SQ –Used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis until blood glucose levels are reduced and animal is stable |
| NPH and PZI (Humulin N, Navolin N and PZI Vet) | insulin are intermediate-acting insulins –Used to control uncomplicated diabetes in dogs and cats |
| what can result from mild to moderate hypoglycemia | resulting from overdose can be treated by feeding animal or administering Karo syrup |
| what are 2 drugs that can treat hypoglycemia | diazoxide (Proglycem) –octreotide (Sandostatin) •Treats low blood glucose levels associated with hyper-secretion of insulin that occurs in tumors of beta cells of pancreas (insulinoma) in dogs and ferrets |
| Two abnormalities of thyroid function that are encountered in veterinary medicine are | –Hypothyroid –Hyperthyroidism |
| Hypothyroidism | most often in dogs Clinical signs: Weight gain, lethargy, cold intolerance, dry hair coat, bradycardia |
| Hyperthyroidism | is found more often in older cats clinical signs: Weight loss, increased appetite, restlessness, hyperexictability, tachycardia |
| what is Goiter? | caused by inadequate iodide (salt) in diet |
| Drugs used to treat Hypothyroidism | levothyroxine sodium (Soloxine) (T4) â¢Used for treatment of hypothyroid conditions in all species |
| Drugs used to Hypothyroidism | liothyronine sodium (Cytomel) (T3) to treat hypothyroidism in cases that respond poorly to T4 |
| What does insulin do to the body? | Causes glucose to enter the cell |
| What drug is a synthetic thyroid hormone? | Soloxine |
| Treatment of hyperthyroidism is directed at lowering blood levels of T3 and T4 | Radioactive Iodine (1-131) •May be given IV to destroy over-productive thyroid tissue |
| Drugs used to treat Hyperthyroidism: | methimazole (Tapazole or Felimazole) Used to treat feline hyperthyroidism |
| propranolol or atenolol | Used to treat tachycardia associated with hyperthyroidism |
| Drugs used to treat Hyperadrenocorticism , | ketoconazole antifungal agent if other drugs not effective |
| Drugs used to treat Hyperadrenocorticism | mitotaine (Lysodren): adrenal cytotoxic that inhibits/destroys cortisol producing layers of adrenal gland |
| Drugs used to treat Hyperadrenocorticism | selegiline (Anipryl) MAO-B inhibitor, not very effective |
| Drugs used to treat Hyperadrenocorticism | trilostane (Vetoryl) adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor |
| What drug is an adrenal cytotoxic drug? | Mitotane |
| What drug reduces synthesis of cortisol? | trilsone (Vetoryl) |
| What hormone increases contractility of the uterus? | Oxytocin |
| What is levothyroxine clinically used for? | Hypothyroidism |
| What is regular insulin clinically used for? | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| What is the shortest acting steroid? | Cortisone |
| What is mitotane clinically used for? | Cushing dz (Hyperadrenocorticism) |
| What is aldosterone | Mineralcorticoid |
| What is methimazole clinically used for? | Hyperthyroidism |
| What drug is known as soloxine | levothyroxine |
| What drug is known as Lysodern? | mitotane |
| What drug is known as Vetoryl | mitotane |
| What is a common side effect of too much levothyroxine? | Hyperthyroidism symptoms |
| What is a common side effect of mitotane and trilostane | Vomiting and diarrhea |
Created by:
vettechstudent
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