click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Natural Food Toxins
FDSN524 Final Exam
Toxin | Poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism. |
Poison | Substance that through its chemical action usually kills, injures, or impairs an organism. |
Name four microbiologically produced toxins. | C. botulinum, S. aureus, mycotoxins, mushroom toxins |
T or F: C. botulinum is a spore former. | True |
_____ is the toxin responsible for botulism. | botulinum neurotoxin |
T or F: The larger the LD50 value, the easier it is to kill. | False |
What are the steps of intoxication for the botulinum toxin? | Binding, internalization, translocation, metalloprotease activity |
T or F: BoNT can be inactivated by freezing. | False |
What are the six types of botulism? | Foodborne, infant, wound, unknown, adult colonization, aerosolization |
Why should infants not ingest honey? | Honey has low levels of botulism spores - infants do not have microflora to prevent germination |
What are the symptoms of foodborne botulism? | Paralysis of involuntary muscles, death from respiratory failure |
S. aureus can grow at an Aw as low as: _____. | 0.83 |
S. aureus grows well on _____ foods. | high protein |
T or F: The staphlococcal enterotoxin is not inactivated by pasteurization. | True |
T or F: S. aureus complications and death are extremely rare among healthy individuals. | True |
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of _____. | fungi |
Name five of the major mycotoxins in food. | Aflatoxins, zearalenone, patulin, ochratoxin, ergot |
A. falvus and A parasiticus produce _______. | Aflatoxins |
T or F: B1 aflatoxin is the most carcinogenic natural toxin known to man. | True |
Zearalenone is produced by Fusarium bacteria and is found in _____. | grains |
Controlled doses of _____ are used to promote growth in beef cattle. | Zearalone |
Patulin is mostly found in ______. | fruits |
Ochratoxin is found in ______. | barley |
Name the four classes of pesticides. | Organophosphate, Carbamate, Organochloride, pyrethroid |