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The Great Communicat
Veterinary Medical Terminology Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called what? | hormones |
| What do hormones do? | excite or inhibit a motion or an action |
| How many lobes does the pituitary gland have? | two |
| Why is the pituitary gland called the "master gland"? | it is responsible for secreting many hormones that control other endocrine glands |
| What is the main difference in the anterior lobe and posterior lobe of the pituitary? | the anterior lobe produces hormones that cause their target organ to produce a second hormone the posterior lobe does not produce hormones but stores and secretes them and cause the target organ to be affected directly |
| Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes hormones? | anterior |
| What does the acronym TSH stand for? | Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| Where does TSH secrete from? | anterior pituitary gland |
| What is TSH responsible for? | augmenting growth and secretions of the thyroid gland |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone is secreted from which pituitary gland? | anterior |
| What does ACTH permit? | growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex |
| What does FSH stand for? | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| What lobe is FSH found in? | anterior |
| What is the mechanisms of FSH? | augments the secretion of estrogen and growth of eggs in ovaries and production of sperm in the testes |
| What does LH stand for? | luteinizing hormone |
| What is the purpose of LH? | augments ovulation and aids in the maintenance of pregnancy |
| What does Prolactin do in the anterior pituitary gland? | augments milk secretion and influences maternal behavior |
| What does GH stand for? | growth hormone |
| What does GH do? | accelerates body growth |
| Where is GH found? | anterior pituitary gland |
| What does MSH stand for? | melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| What does MSH do? | augments skin pigmentation |
| What are the two secretions from the posterior pituitary gland? | antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
| What is another name for antidiuretic hormone? | vasopressin |
| What does oxytocin do? | stimulates uterine contractions and milk letdown |
| Where is the thyroid gland located? | on either side of the larynx |
| What does the thyroid gland do? | regulates metabolism, iodine uptake, and blood calcium levels |
| What are the three secretions from the thyroid gland? | triiodothyronine, thyroxine, calcitonin |
| Where are the parathyroid glands located? | on the surface of the thyroid gland |
| What do the parathyroid glands do? | secrete parathyroid hormone that regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels |
| Where are the adrenal glands located? | cranial pole of each kidney |
| What is the purpose of the adrenal glands? | regulates electrolytes, metabolism, sexual functions, and the body's response to injury |
| What are the two parts of the adrenal gland? | the cortex and the medulla |
| The steroids produced by the adrenal cortex are called what? | corticosteroids |
| What are mineralocorticoids? | group of corticosteroids that regulates electrolytes and water balance |
| What are glucocorticoids? | group of corticosteroids that regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; resistance to stress; and immunologic functioning |
| What is the name of the group of corticosteroids that aid in development and maintenance of male sex characteristics? | androgens |
| What kind of steroid is given to dogs to increase muscle mass and strength? | anabolic steroids |
| What are the secretions from the adrenal medulla? | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| What is another name for epinephrine? | adrenaline |
| What is the purpose of a vasopressor? | to stimulate blood vessel contraction and increase blood pressure |
| Secretions from the adrenal medulla are responsible for what kind of action from the body? | fight or flight |
| Where is the pancreas located? | near the proximal duodenum |
| Which organ has both exocrine and endocrine functions? | pancreas |
| What role does the pancreas play in digestion? | secretes digestive enzymes |
| What are the cells called within the pancreas that secrete the hormones that help regulate blood glucose? | islets of Langerhans |
| What are the endocrine secretions of the pancreas? | insulin and glucagon |
| What does insulin do? | decreases blood glucose levels by transporting blood glucose in to body cells or into storage as glycogen |
| What organ is predominantly found in young animals? | thymus |
| Where is the thymus located? | midline cranioventral portion of the thoracic cavity |
| Which gland is responsible for the circadian rhythm? | pineal |
| What is the secretion of the pineal gland? | melatonin |
| What does the ovary secrete? | estrogen and progesterone |
| What is the secretion of the testes? | testosterone |
| If a dog comes into the clinic and the owner states that it has lost a lot of weight, is PU, and PD, what could be the cause? | diabetes mellitus |
| What is another name for Cushing's disease? | hyperadrenocorticism |
| What is another name for Addison's disease? | hypoadrenocorticism |
| What are the signs of hyperadrenocorticism in horses? | failure to shed coat, long, thick hair that mats, excessive sweating, loss of muscle, swayback (lordosis) and a pendulous abdomen |
| If a cat is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and the DVM want to take it out, what is the name of that surgical procedure? | thyroidectomy |
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