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Anthro 121 - Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Shamanic Religion | Shamans are part-time religious intermediaries who act as curers |
| Olympic Religion | Full-time religious specialists whose organizations may mimic the states and have potent anthropomorphic gods who may exist as a pantheon |
| Communal Religion | Have Shamans, community rituals, multiple nature gods, and are more characteristic of food producers than foragers |
| Monotheistic Religion | Have all attributes of Olympian religion except that pantheon of gods has turned into single god/ is subsumed under single eternal omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent being |
| Non-Individualized Spirit | Spirits w/o a connection to a specific person (i.e. Leprechaun) |
| Individualized Spirit | Connected to Individual |
| Why are gods considered Anthropomorphic? | They resemble peoples personalities and physical characteristics |
| Pantheon | A collective of gods |
| Supreme God | Head dude/ Lady in charge |
| Attribute Gods | Specialized deities associated w/ needs of the society |
| Creator Gods | Make the world |
| Islam | Monotheistic religion articulated by the Quran which is a book recording the word of Allah |
| Hinduism | Polytheistic religion who follows the Trinity of Braham ; Believes in reincarnation / caste system |
| Buddhism | Religion that = large part a rejection of Indian caste system. It stresses tolerance, humility, and compassion for all |
| Charismatic Authority | Connection of the leader to their followers ; Connected to great founders of world religions (i.e. Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Joseph Smith, Muhammad ...) |
| Routine of Authority | Build an emotional community / become your religious family (maybe evolutionary via group selection) |
| Monotheism | Belief in only one god |
| Sacred Texts of Hinduism | The Vedas or "Books of Knowledge" |
| 3 Major Gods/Goddesses of Hinduism | Brahma (The Creator), Shiva (The Destroyer), Vishnu (The Preserver) |
| Caste System | System of social stratification |
| Reincarnation | The soul is immortal but the body endlessly cycles to higher or lower levels of lower levels of existence, including various castes of rigid social caste |
| Yoga | The practices/ tools used to break from habits of past lives. Includes various meditations/ physical practices |
| Karma | Your past bad/good actions determine your progress toward Nirvana through reincarnation. You are own God. |
| Four Noble Truths | 1. All living beings must endure suffering 2. Suffering, which is caused by desires (for life), leads to reincarnation 3. The goal of existence = escape from suffering / endless cycle of reincarnation through Nirvana 4. Nirvana achieved by 8 fold path |
| Isis | Egyptian Great Mother, Women held honorable position |
| Ishtar | Worshiped in Mesopotamia as goddess to help w/ rain |
| Why did we burn sage before class ritual? | The smoke is directed into and onto areas that are in need of protection |
| Major Greek Gods | Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus |
| Why are people accused of witchcraft? | They counteract socially disruptive behavior, explanation of illness, misfortune |
| Heresy | belief/ opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine. |
| Inquisition | Witchcraft was seen as heresy. Seen as pact w/devil ; Repudiate Christianity |
| Eucharist | Holy Communion, the Lord's Supper, and other names) is a Christian rite |
| Mechanisms of Cultural Change | Discovery and Innovation |
| Acculturation | One society possibly forcing another to : Assimilate, take in another's culture's ideas, info, etc. |
| Assimiliation | Take in another's culture's ideas |
| Syncretism | Attempted union of different/ opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion. |
| diaspora | Scattered population whose origin lies within a smaller geographic locale |
| Santeria | Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, w/ some Roman Catholic elements added |
| Cargo cult | A system of belief based around the expected arrival of ancestral spirits in ships bringing cargoes of food and other goods. |
| Malleus Maleficarum | Treatise on prosecution of witches, written in 1486 by Heinrich Kramer, a German Catholic clergyman |
| Sects and Dominations | A subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity |
| Nativistic Movements | Bag gap between dominant/ subordinate cultures; Push to remove dominant; Return to Past |
| Revivialistic Movements | Bring back golden age (i.e. hipsters) |
| New Religions Movements | Religious movements usually come from another older religion, religious group that differs on just a few points from the mainstream religion |
Created by:
avantmarie
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