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Anesthesia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anesthesia? | a state of unconsciousness induced in an animal |
| What are the 3 goals of anesthesia? | Analgesia - pain relief Immobilization Amnesia - loss of memory |
| Stage I of anesthesia | Amnesia and analgesia |
| Stage II of anesthesia | Delirium and lack of inhibition |
| Stage III of anesthesia | Surgical anesthesia: characterized by progressive depression of respiration, circulation, reflexes, and muscle tone |
| What are the 4 planes of Stage III anesthesia? | Plane 1: light anesthesia Plane 2: moderate anesthesia Plane 3: deep anesthesia Plane 4: very deep - apnea |
| What types of procedures/surgery are preformed under Plane 1? | radiographs, suture removal, bandaging, and mass removal |
| What types of surgery are preformed under Plane 2? | Most elective surgeries including spay and neuter |
| What types of surgery are preformed under Plane 3? | Invasive and time consuming surgeries, body part manipulation, organ surgery, and minor orthopedics |
| What types of surgery are preformed under Plane 4? | Very painful surgeries - amputation, hip replacements, orthopedics The animal stops breathing on their own - you need to breathe for them (manual or mechanical) |
| Stage IV of anesthesia | Pre-mortem: between apnea and circulatory collapse (heart collapses and blood stops circulating) |
| General considerations for anesthesia | Every species has different anatomy and physiology Some species are rarely used - need to research Size of species vs. metabolism |
| Metabolism and anesthesia | Small animal=fast metabolism Need to know how fast certain drug are eliminated from the body |
| What are factors that cannot be assessed from a distance when dealing with animals? | Nutrition, disease, infection, parasite load, estrus, pregnancy, lactation |
| Why is knowing parasite load important for anesthesia? | Parasites feed on blood; low blood volume affects how drugs work |
| Why is knowing if the animal is in estrus important for anesthesia? | High levels of estrogen affect how drugs work |
| Why is knowing if the animal is lactating important for anesthesia? | Anything that mom gets will be passed on to her offspring |
| What are important techniques that should be used during anesthesia? | Knowing accurate body weight; minimizing stress; withholding feed; intubation; assist respiration; maintain body temp; IV catheters; monitor cardiovascular function; monitor reflexes; muscle tone |
| Why is knowing the patients accurate body weight important? | Need to be able to dose correctly and safely |
| Why is minimizing stress important? | Stress changes the body's metabolism and will affect they way the patient responds to the anesthesia |
| Why is it important to withhold feed if an animal is going under anesthesia? | To prevent vomiting and aspiration pneumonia |
| How long should animals be fasted? | Large animals (cat or larger) 12 hours; small animals 2 hours; Rodents not necessary; Rabbits not recommended |
| Why is it not recommended to fast Rabbits? | Their intestines can stop moving = illius |
| Why is it important to maintain accurate body temperature while the animal is under anesthesia? | Cold animals do not wake up from anesthesia; temperature affects metabolism; animals cannot shiver while under anesthesia |
| Why is it important to use IV catheters during anesthesia? | To administer supplemental fluids to correct for blood loss or dehydration; 3 times the volume of blood lost |
| Fluid administration during anesthesia | 10mL/kg/hr dogs: first hour is 10mL/kg/hr then 5mL/kg/hr cats: 5mL/kg/hr |
| How do you monitor cardiovascular function during anesthesia? | MM color and CRT=PINK!!! Manual heart rate and rhythm; pulse rate; pulse pressure; blood pressure; ECG |
| How can you monitor the patient's reflexes? | Palpebral; corneal; toe-pinch |
| What cranial nerves are being used during a palpebral reflex? | V for sensory and VII for blinking |
| What is a corneal reflex and what cranial nerves are involved? | Physically touch the eye and it will retract into the skull and the animal will blink; V & VII; if the animal is too deep under anesthesia they will not blink |
| What cranial nerve is used for jaw tone? | V |
| What is a major concern that must be considered when figuring out dosages and concentrations of drugs to use? | THE SIZE OF THE ANIMAL; Size of rabbit or larger you can use the prepared concentration; if smaller than a rabbit you may need to dilute the drug |
| What are considerations to remember when a rabbit is under anesthesia? | Easily frightened; difficult to intubate; in dorsal recumbency the abdominal viscera will interfere with diaphragm movement; Rabbit needs to be in lateral recumbency during surgery |
| What are considerations to remember when a guinea pig is under anesthesia? | Difficult to intubate, soft palate is continuous with the base of the tongue (the glottis cannot be visualized); small opening=palatal ostium; large cecum 65% GI contents |
Created by:
jenn.messier11
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