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Blood Collection
202 - Lab 1: Blood Collection
Question | Answer |
---|---|
BLOOD COLLECTION INVOLVES: | • Serum/plasma/whole blood • Animal • Needle • Syringe • Vacutainer |
WHAT IS AN ANTICOAGULANT? | • Work by binding calcium (factor 4) • Chemical when added to blood will prevent or delay coagulation • Can come as liquid or powder form in tubes |
RED TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | NO ADDITIVE |
LAVENDER TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | Contains EDTA o Use for CBC o Good for staining o Cells will shrink (crenation) in here if too little blood (due to salt in EDTA) |
GREEN TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | heparin (sodium or lithium) o One of the most common tubes o Not routine in CBC = clumps WBC o Not used for staining o Birds, reptiles, fish = RBC have nucleolus so the cell will not lyse |
LIGHT BLUE TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | buffered sodium citrate (just delays the clotting) o Used for clotting study |
GRAY TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | contains anticoagulant and glycolytic inhibitor (prevents breakdown of glucose) o Sodium fluoride |
YELLOW TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | ACD: Acid Citrate Dextrose o ACD used all the time when doing blood transfusions |
BLOOD COLLECTION AMOUNT IS DETERMINED BY: | o Test o Tube size o Animal size & hydration status – will effect the volume of blood you can attain |
MAXIMUM BLOOD COLLECTION SHOULD NOT EXCEED: | 25% of Body Weight o Birds – only 1% of BW |
PCV IS: | PACK CELL VOLUME: 50% of your blood is cells (RBC) |
EQUINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular vein o Facial vein |
BOVINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular vein o Coccygeal vein o Mammary – has a higher natural level of calcium – LAST RESORT |
OVINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular o Cephalic o Saphenous |
CAPRINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular o Cephalic o Saphenous |
PORCINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Ear o Thoracic Inlet – anterior vena cava |
CANINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular o Cephalic o Lateral Saphenous |
FELINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular o Cephalic o Medial Saphenous |
BIRD BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | right jugular vein (left is smaller), medial metatarsal vein, wing vein (cutaneous ulnar vein) |
FERRET BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | cranial vena cava, ventral tail vein |
RABBIT BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | lateral saphenous, lateral ear vein (not preferred due to hematoma forming), cephalic vein, not jugular because of dewlap |
SMALL ANIMAL BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | JUGULAR |
RODENT BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | lateral saphenous, venous sinus (behind eye), tail vein, submandibular, direct cardiac puncture |
EXOTICS BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Lizards: ventral to tail vein o Tortoise/Turtle: venous sinus o Snakes: direct cardiac puncture |
NEEDLES | • Length ½” to 2” • Size range: 14g to 30g (smaller #, bigger the needle) • Don’t use smaller than 25g needle – this will cause hemolysis (lyse blood cells) |
NEEDLE SIZES | o 18g – green monoject – pink B-D o 20g – pink monoject – yellow B-D o 21g – lavender monoject – green B-D o 22g – blue monoject – black B-D o 23g – orange monoject – teal B-D o 25g – red monoject – blue B-D |
SYRINGE SIZES | o 1cc, 3cc, 6cc, 12cc, 35cc, 60cc |
SYRINGE TIPS | o Luer (needle slips on), luer lock (needle screws on), catheter (shaped like a cone), curved (can feed animals with this, flush wounds) o Location of the tip can be: Central vs. eccentric |
VACUTAINER SYSTEM | • Three parts: o Double ended needle o Plastic sleeve o Vacuum tube |
BLOOD DRAW TECHNIQUE | • Choose tube, needle, syringe • Label tube(s) • Proper restraint • Locate vein • Insert needle bevel up • Draw back on plunger • Place blood in tube gently – remove top of tube and needle and drip the blood into the tube – this prevents lysis |