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Sense Organs
SPC Goswami ATE1211
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the special cells responsible for sense of taste? | Taste Buds |
| What is difference between conduction deafness and nerve deafness? | Conduction deafness: is due to mechanical problem in middle ear bones. Nerve deafness: is due to trauma to cochlear nerve |
| What actions help in deciding the specific pitch or frequency of sound | The movement of hair cells at the specific place on basilar membrane in cochlea. |
| Which part of the cochlea is sensitive to the sound waves? | Organ of Corti |
| Which parts of the vestibule provide sensitive inputs to brain regarding position of the head in relation to gravity? | Saccules and Utricles |
| Which parts of the vestibule are responsible for sensing the angular acceleration. | semicircular canals. |
| What is the function of vestibular part of inner ear | Responsible for sense of balance |
| What is the function of cochlear part of inner ear | Responsible for sense of hearing |
| What is the function of three bones in middle ear | Mechanical Transmission: To transmit impulses from external ear to inner ear. |
| Name the structure, that brings the air in the middle ear from pharynx | Eustachian Tube or Auditory tube that connects middle ear to pharynx |
| Name the three auditory bones found in the middle ear | Malleus, Incus and Stapes |
| Name the cranial nerve, that transmits the sense of smell to brain | Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory nerve) |
| What is important to get the desired results from any kind of energy? | It must be converted into an action potential |
| Name the tongue papillae, that contain the taste buds | Fungiform and Vallate papillae |
| What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on pupil of eye? | Dilates the pupil |
| What is the difference between phasic receptors and tonic receptors? | Phasic Receptors adapt quickly and stop producing action potential. E.g. receptors for pressure and touch. Tonic receptors don't adapt quickly or not at all. E.g. pain receptors, sight and sound receptors. |
| What is the function of Golgi tendon organs | Prevents excessive contraction of the muscle. |
| What is the function of muscle spindles? | Muscle spindles send the signals of muscle contraction or relaxation to brain or spinal cord |
| Name the special nerve endings responsible for transmitting impulses for muscle sense | Muscle Spindles and Golgi Tendon Organs. |
| What is proprioception? | It is the body sense...... means responding the position and movement of the body. |
| What are nociceptors | The pain receptors located throughout the body |
| List the names of thermo receptors and their functions | Ruffini corpuscles - for heat Krause end bulbs - for cold |
| What are mechanoreceptors; list a few mechanoreceptors in skin and their functions | Mechnoreceptors are special receptor cells for sense of touch, vibration; pressure etc. Meissner's corpuscles: are receptors for touch Pacinian corpuscles: are receptors for pressure Naked nerve ending: are pain receptors |
| Define generator potential? | It is the change in membrane potential (depolarization) of the special receptor cells. Any stimulus must depolarize the receptor cells to produce an action potential. |
| List all the special senses of the body | sight, smell, taste, hearing and equilibrium. |
| Name a few somatic senses of the body | touch, pressure, temperature, pain |
| The special cells for sense of smell are located in what part of body. | Nasal mucosa |
| Name the clinical test done to detect the overproduction of tears? | Schirmer Tear Test |
| What is the function of nictitating membrane (third eye lid)? | It is a kind of cartilage, that moves sideways over the eyes to protect and lubricate the eyeball with tears and also protect the lacrimal glands. |
| Inflammation and prolapse of which part of eye cause "Cherry Eye" condition. | Third Eye Lid |
| Name the three tunics (layers) of eye | Fibrous tunic Vascular tunic Nervous tunic |
| Name the glands associated with eyelids and eyelashes | Meibomian glands and Zeis glands |
| Name the layer, responsible for glowing of animal's eyes in dark, when light is focused on eyes. | Tapetum layer of choroid |
| Name the clinical test done to detect blockage of naso-lacrimal duct | Flourescent Dye Test |
| What is the function of retractor oculi muscle in animals | Pulls the eye globe back into socket |
| Name the vitamin, that is needed for production of cis-retinine in rod cells | Vitamin A |
| What changes occur in cis-retinine in rod cells when the light strikes the retina? | The cis-retinine is converted in to all-trans-retenine, that acts as stimulus to produce action potential |
| Which cells in retina are good for black and white vision | Rod cells |
| Name the receptor cells in retina, that are responsible for color vision | Cone cells |
| Name the receptor cells in retina, that are sensitive to the light energy and convert it into electric energy | Rod and cone cells of retina |
| Name the fluid produced by the ciliary bodies? | Aqueous humor |
| What action of the ciliary muscles helps focusing the lens on a close object | Contraction of ciliary muscles help focusing the lens on close objects. |
| What action of the the ciliary muscles helps focusing the lens on a distant object | Relaxation of ciliary muscles help making lens more flat and therefore, focusing the lens on distant object |
| What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on pupil of eye? | Constricts the pupil |
| Name the three layers of tear film | Oily layer, Aqueous layer and Mucus layer. |
| What part of the cochlea is sensitive to sound waves? | Organ of Corti |
Created by:
Rsande11
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