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LAT Certification
Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four types of syringe tips? | Slip tips, Eccentric slip tips, Luer lock tips, Catheter tips |
| What is a potential problem with slip tip syringes? | This tip does not lock onto the needle hub which could cause the syringe to detach from the needle during injection |
| What is a benefit of the eccentric slip tip syringe? | The tip is offset from the center of the syringe allowing the syringe and needle direct contact with the skin. This reduces the angle of needle penetration. |
| What is an advantage of the Luer lock tip? | The syringe twists onto the needle hub for a tight fit. |
| What is the design of the catheter tip syringe? | Elongated and tapered, designed to fit into a tube |
| How are needle sizes designated? | Length and diameter (gauge) |
| What are two examples of a safety injector system? | Needle-free injector and Safety needle. |
| How should used syringes and needles be discarded? | As biohazardous waste in a sharps container |
| When should you seal and dispose a sharps container? | When it is 2/3 full |
| Which injection route is used for fast absorption and distribution of a compound in the body? | IV |
| Why should you keep pressure on an IV injection site while withdrawing the needle? | To allow the puncture site to for a clot, preventing a hematoma from forming and keeping the injection material from leaking out of the vein. |
| What is a common IV injection site for mice and rats? | Lateral tail vein |
| Why are IP injections commonly administered in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen? | To avoid puncturing structures such as the bladder and the cecum. |
| In what position is the animal placed for an IP injection? | Head tilted downwards to allow the abdominal structures to fall out of the way |
| Where are IM injections generally given? | In a large muscle mass, typically in the hind limb either in the quadriceps or the biceps muscle group |
| what is the maximum volume for an IM injection in the mouse? | 0.05mL |
| Where are SC injections placed? | Between the skin and the underlying muscle |
| What is the bulge observed following a SC injection called? | A bleb |
| What are ID injections routinely used for? | TB testing of nonhuman primates. The injection is performed in the skin of the eyelid to allow for easy reading of test results |
| What is gastric gavage? | Administration of a solution directly into the stomach by intubation of the esophagus |
| How do you check for the correct needle length for a gastric gavage? | Restrain the animal in a vertical position with one hand. With the other hand, check the needle length by measuring the needle from the corner of the mouth to the sternum |
| What two things are required for gastric gavage in large animals? | A bite bar and a flexible stomach tube |
| Which two animals have unique anatomical features for the pharynx that may affect intubation? | Guinea pig and chinchilla |
| The total blood volume in an animal's body equals approximately how much of its total body weight? | 6% |
| What is a common guideline for how much blood can be collected without causing side effects? | A volume equal to 1% of the animal's total body weight taken every 2 weeks |
| How does IV blood collection differ from IV injection? | Proximal pressure on the vein is maintained throughout blood collection, keeping the vein distended. |
| How can a mouse be restrained for a saphenous bleed? | In a conical tube, with air holes drilled at the bottom. |
| What is a preferred alternative to retroorbital bleeding in mice and rats? | Facial or Maxillary Vein blood collection |
| Retroorbital blood collection is limited to which species? Why? | Mice, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, rats, ferrets and pigs. These species have a large venous sinus or plexus. |
| When would a cardiac puncture be used? | As a terminal procedure, to retrieve a large volume of blood from a small animal. |
| What artery is typically used for blood collection in rabbits? | Central ear (auricular) artery |
| What is a catheter? | A hollow tube through which blood or other body fluids may be withdrawn or substances administered. |
| What does a butterfly catheter consist of? | Needle, plastic tabs (the butterfly), tubing and a syringe adapter |
| Why would a "cut-down" procedure be performed? | To directly visualize a blood vessel in order to insert a catheter. |
| How are catheters maintained between uses? | The catheter is locked with heparin solution and capped. |
| How is catheter patency maintained in IV drips? | By the constant flow of fluids such as saline or Ringer's solution |
| How do arterial catheterizations differ from venous catheterizations? | It is most often used as a means of directly measuring blood pressure, arteries are more difficult to puncture than veins, and it is a more painful procedure so anesthesia may be required. |
| Why would a tether system be used? | Allow for repeated vascular access without the need to restrain or anesthetize the animal on each occasion. |
| Osmotic pumps may provide dose administration for what duration? | 1 day to 6 weeks |
| What is a complication of urinary catheterization? | The possibility of introducing bacteria into the bladder due to the bacterial flora of the urethra |
| What is the name of a common type of catheter used in large animals? | Foley catheter |
| What is the procedure called for obtaining a sterile sample of urine? | Cystocentesis |
| What is a laryngoscope and why is it used? | A laryngoscope consists of a handle, a long blade and a light at the blade tip. It presses the tongue down and exposes and illuminates the larynx to enable passage of an endotracheal tube |
| What tool is often used to place an endotracheal tube in small animals? | Otoscope |
| How are types of anticoagulant signified in a blood tube? | By the color of the rubber stopper or cap on the tube |
| What type of sample is collected in red tubes, and what anticoagulant is present? | Serum sample, no anticoagulent |
| What type of sample is collected in purple tubes, and what anticoagulant is present? | Plasma sample, EDTA |
| What type of sample is collected in green tubes, and what anticoagulant is present> | Plasma sample, Heparin |
| What is centrifugation of urine used for? | To detect the presence of cells and debris that could indicate a problem |
Created by:
CarrieAngeles
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