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VTT A&P FINAL
A &P FINAL REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F A nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization along the cell membrane | True |
| T/F I n myelinated neurons, sodium influx occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier during depolarization | True |
| T/F The neurohypophysis stores hormones produced by the hypothalamaus | True |
| T/F Diseases that affect the cerebellum may affect an animals sense of balance and awareness of the body's position | True |
| T/F Cranial nerve III is purely sensory and responsible for vision | False |
| T/F The stretch reflex involves many interneurons | False |
| T/F Neurons have great reproductive ability | False |
| T/F Nerves for the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebral columns | True |
| T/F In a fight or flight situation, activity in the GI tract is increase | False |
| T/F Acetylcholine is an excitatory catecholamine | false |
| T/F Nicotinic and muscarinic are names for adrenergic receptors?? | False, they are names for cholinergic receptors |
| The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary nervous system functions is what? | Autonomic nervous system |
| During the relative refractory period, the cell may depolarize if what occurs? | The stimulus is much larger than normal |
| T/F Acetylcholine can be either excitatory or inhibitory | True |
| The part of the brain responsible for learning, intelligence, and awareness (higher order functions) is the: | Cerebrum |
| This supplies a rich network of blood vessels that carry nutrients and oxygen to the superficial tissues of the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
| Sensations from the GI tract are provided by this nerve: | X Vagus |
| The gray matter of the spinal cord contains what? | neuron cell bodies |
| The sympathetic nervous system causes what? | Constriction of small blood vessels supplying the kidneys, skin, and GI tract AND pupil dilation |
| Somatic reflex arcs involve what? | Skeletal muscle |
| Core temperature receptors are located where? | hypothalamus |
| Nocicepters are NOT found in what organ? | brain |
| Most of the structures responsible for hearing are housed in which bone? | temporal |
| The eardrum is also known as what? | Tympanic membrane |
| The receptor organ for hearing is: | organ of corti |
| This structure is thought to enhance vision in dim light in animals (except pigs) | tapetum lucidum |
| This ring shaped structure immediately behind the iris contains muscles that adjust the shape of the lens | ciliary body |
| This bone is attached to the tympanic membrane: | Malleus |
| This sense provides knowledge of body position and movement | Proprioception |
| Articulates with the incus and is attached to the oval window | stapes |
| Fluid with watery consistency produced in the eyes posterior chamber | aqueous humor |
| consists of structures that produce and drain tears from the surface of the eye | Lacrimal apparatus |
| Fluid with a gelatin like consistency behind the lens and ciliary body | vitreous humor |
| Compared with human this sense is highly developed in many animals | Olfactory |
| Pain receptors | nociceptors |
| connects the pharynx with the middle ear and equalizes pressure on 2 sides of the tympanic membrane | Eustachian tube |
| T/F The intestines are located in the ventral body cavity, cranial to the diaphragm | False |
| T/F cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that contains an abundant supply of nerves | False |
| T/F The canine dewclaw is their first digit | True |
| T/F Langerhans cell is a macrophage specific to the epidermis | True |
| T/F Dense, fibrous, elastic tissue make up tendons which are structures that connect muscles to bones | True |
| T/F There are 4 phase in the hair growth cycle | False |
| T/F The mouth, intestines and urinary bladder are lined with epithelial cells | True |
| T/F The goblet cell is described as a multicellular endocrine gland | False |
| The system consisting of glands and hormones is called: | Endocrine |
| The plane across the body that divides it into cranial and caudal portions that may not necessarily equal is: | transverse |
| In animals with white hair, the medulla becomes filled with what? | air |
| This type of cartilage is found in the pinna and epiglottis of animals | elastic cartilage |
| This substance is responsible for the waterproof quality of skin | keratin |
| This tissue transmits information around the body and controls body function | nervous tissue |
| Which phase of hair growth is the resting phase? | telogen |
| Fat, cartilage and bones are examples of what type of tissue? | connective tissue |
| The macrophage is considered a __________ cell | wandering |
| These structures are sensitive to heavy pressure | Pacinian corpuscle |
| Most sebaceous glands empty into what? | hair follicle |
| T/f a tonsil and a lymph node are the same thing | False |
| T/F The spleen is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body | False |
| T/F Peyers patches are found in the lymph nodes | False |
| Which layer of the digestive tract consists of epithelium and loose connective tissue? | Mucosa |
| Which structures are lined with simple columnar epithelium? | Stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
| What organs play a role in both lubrication and digestion? | Salivary glands |
| Which teeth in both carnivores and herbivores typically have flatter occlusal surfaces used for grinding? | Molars |
| In the adult pig (dental formula 2(I3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M3/3) How many teeth are in the upper arcade? | 22 |
| What are deciduous teeth? | Baby teeth or milk teeth |
| How many upper incisors do ruminants have? | 0 |
| How does stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system affect salivary glands? | It causes salivation |
| Which animals DO NOT produce amylase in their saliva? | Carnivores |
| What cells are located in the pylorus and body of the stomach? | chief cells, parietal cells, and mucous cells |
| What part of the stomach is responsible for most of the grinding up of swallowed food and regulates hydrochloric acid? | Pyloric antrum |
| Milk in this compartment of a young ruminant can seriously disrupt normal fermentation | rumen |
| Where are trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase produced?? | pancreas |
| Where are bile acids produced? | liver |
| Which animals are hind gut fermentors? | horses, rats, rabbits |
| This route removes nearly all the soluble waste products from blood and transports them out of the body | urinary system |
| Where are thymocytes produced? | thymus |
| Which organ has white pulp ( localize area of lymphoid tissue) and red pulp ( blood vessels, macrophages and blood storage) | spleen |
| What organs function is most important in young animals? | thymus |
| Which salivary glands are located ventral to the ear canal? | parotid |
| cells in the pyloric antrum that secrete gastrin are called? | G cells |
| The most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach | reticulum |
| The portion of the small intestine immediately following the stomach | duodenum |
| If large amounts of fats and proteins are in the duodenum, this hormone is produced and decreases stomach contractions | Cholecystokinin |
| Cells in the fundus and body of the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid | parietal cells |
| The type of contraction that moves contents through the digestive tract in waves | peristaltic contractions |
| The true ruminant stomach | Abomasum |
| The longest part of the small intestine | Jejunum |
| The salivary glands located medial to the shafts of the mandible are called? | Sublingual |
| Vitamin B12 must combine with this protein to be absorbed from the small intestine | intrinsic factor |
| Type of contraction that causes mixing movements of the digestive tract contents | segmental contractions |
| Cells that produce pepsinogen in the fundus and body of the stomach | Chief cells |
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Adeprey4311
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