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veterinary anatomy
anatomy revision
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is NOT a function of the skeletal system | It provides a series of solid cavities which house the endocrine organs. |
| are long bones | humerus, radius and femur |
| are flat bones | scapular, ribs and the bones of the cranium |
| In endochondral ossification the primary centre of ossification usually occurs: | . in the diaphysis |
| The joint between the right and left mandibles is a: | symphysis |
| The process of using small chemical units to provide energy is known as: | Metabolism |
| Inflammation of the gum is known as: | Gingivitis |
| The muscle found in the tongue is: | Striated |
| The carnassial tooth of the dog in the lower dental arch is: - | The 1st molar |
| The function of the incisor teeth of the cat is: - | To nibble small pieces off the bone *** |
| Endocrine glands secrete chemical messengers known as: | . hormones |
| structures are classed as endocrine glands? | .ovary pancreas . parathyroid |
| hormones is not secreted by an endocrine gland? | secretin |
| The anterior pituitary gland secretes: | prolactin, FSH ACTH |
| The posterior pituitary gland is also known as the: | neurohypophysis |
| The Latin name of the modern horse is | Equus caballus |
| bones are included within the appendicular skeleton? | cannon, pastern, splint |
| The vertebral formula of the horse is: | C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd 15 – 20 |
| The distinguishing feature of equine lumbar vertebrae is that they have: | . large transverse processes |
| How many true ribs form the rib cage? | 8 |
| bones are not evident in the skeleton of the horse? | . clavicle |
| is not a function of the integument? | absorption |
| Which vitamin is formed within the skin? | Vitamin D |
| Which glands are not found within the integument? | endocrine glands |
| are not formed from epidermal cells | sweat glands |
| The ceruminous glands are found within which part of the body? | within the external ear canal |
| The latin name of the rabbit is: | Oryctolagus cuniculus |
| Which two animals cannot manufacture their own Vitamin C so must be given it in their diet? | guinea pig and man |
| The main characteristic of the order Rodentia is that they have: | continuously growing incisor teeth |
| The gestation period of the rabbit is: | 28 – 32 days |
| Which of the following species is classified as a Hystricomorph ? | guinea pig |
| is not part of the female reproductive tract? | urethra |
| The ovary is an endocrine organ responsible for the production of which hormones? | oestrogen and progesterone |
| In which structure would you find the ovarian bursa? | mesovarium |
| Arterial blood is supplied to the cervix by means of the: | uterine artery |
| The passage of the ovum and later the embryo, from its release from the follicle in the ovary is: | uterine tube, uterine horn, uterus |
| The position of the kidneys in the body is: | retroperitoneal just ventral to the lumbar hypaxial muscles |
| In the kidney the loops of Henle lie in the: | medulla |
| Fluid enters the glomerular capsule by: | filtration |
| What percentage of cardiac output goes through the kidney? | 20% |
| Glomerular filtrate flows through the kidney tubules in which order? | proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct |
| Which part of the renal nephron is lined with a brush border? | proximal convoluted tubule |
| is NOT a function of blood? | Carries enzymes from the exocrine glands of the intestine |
| The granular leucocyte whose function is phagocytosis is: | neutrophils |
| The normal lifespan of an erythrocyte is: | 120 days |
| Eosinophils can be identified by: | red staining granules |
| Serum contains no: | fibrinogen |
| Nerve impulses are transferred from one neuron to another by | Synapses |
| The most common chemical transmitter carrying an impulse across a synapse is: | acetyl choline |
| Mature bone cell | Osteocyte |
| Responsible for creating new bone | Osteoblast |
| Responsible for removing old/dead bone cell | Osteoclast |
| Has tightly packed Haversian systems Strong and dense Found in cortex (outer edge) | Compact / Cortical Bone |
| Lighter than compact bone Made up of bars called trabeculae Found at end of long bones and core of others | Cancellous / Spongy Bone |
| Diaphysis | Main shaft of bone |
| Epiphysis | Ends of bone |
| Metaphysis | Where diaphysis and epiphysis meet. Growth plate in young animals |
| Articular Cartilage | Hyline cartilage that covers ends of bones |
| Periosteum | Membranous structure that surrounds outer surface of the bone |
| Nutrient Foramen | Small hole where blood vessels enter the bone |
| Cortex | Outer region of compact bone |
| Medulla | Central cavity of bone, filled with bone marrow |
| Skeletal muscle | Under voluntary control responsible for movement of bones of the skeleton has a striped appearance under the microscope |
| Smooth muscle | Under involuntary control and is found throughout the body, lining the intestines, bladder, blood vessels, uterus ect. Spindle shaped cells, smooth appearance under microscope. |
| Cardiac muscle | Found only in the heart and is under involuntary control. Cells are short, cylindrical and muscle fibres are branched. |
| Nervous muscle | Made up of neurones - recieves and interprets them and generates activity. |
| Millimetre | mm thousandth of a metre |
| Micrometre | μm 1×10−6 of a metre |
| Nanometre | nm 10-9 meter, or one billionth of a meter |
| Nucleolus | Forms part of the nucleus and contains the RNA. Also responsible for the manufacture of Ribosomes |
| Mitochondria | Produces energy for the cell by aerobic respiration |
| Centrosomes | Involved in replication and comprise of two centrioles |
| Golgi Apparatus | Consists of flattened membrane sacs. Involved in the production of Lysosomes secretory granules and plasma membrane. Responsible for the transport and modification of substances such as glycoproteins |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Synthesis and transport of lipids. No ribosomes |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Responsible for protein synthesis and transportation of proteins. Ribosomes attached |
| Lysosome | Collection of digestive enzymes in membrane sacs. Forms part of the defence mechanism of the cell |
| Vacuole | They engulf substances in order to absorb them into the cell. This is known as pinocytosis They may also absorb fluids or engulf bacteria |
| Ribosome | Responsible for protein synthesis and as mentioned are often attached to RER |
| Cystoskeleton | the network of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm that controls cell shape, maintains intracellular organization, and is involved in cell movement. |
| Centrioles | They play a key role in cell division They are situated close to the nucleus and form a network on which the chromosomes are separated. |
| Simple Squamous epithelium | Found lining alveoli of the lungs, lining blood vessels, glomelular capsules |
| Simple Cuboidal | Found lining the renal nephron |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | Found lining the intestines, allowing the absorption of soluble foods |
| Ciliated Columnar Epithelium | Lines the upper respiratory tract. The goblet cells produce mucus Also found (without the goblet cells ) in Oviducts |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | Found in the Epidermis of the skin. The upper layers contain Keratin |
| Tranitional Epithelium | Is a stratified(compound) epithelium but the cells do not become flattened at the surface. Transitional epithelium can be stretched and return to its original shape. It is found lining the bladder. |
| These Glands have ducts which secrete directly to the site where they will be used | Exocrine |
| Widely distributed connective tissue which is found all over the body e.g. beneath the skin, around blood vessels or nerves | Areolar/ loose connective tissue |
| Jelly like tissue which forms the bone marrow within the long bones and is responsible for red blood l formation | Haemopoietic |
| Adipose Tissue can be found in closely packed fat filled cells and prevents heat loss around the body by providing | Insulation |
| Randomly arranged collagen fibers which forms articular surfaces of joints | Hyaline Cartilage |
| Elastic Cartilage can be found in areas where support and flexibility is needed such as | External Ear |
| Attaches to Ligaments and bone | Fibrocartilage |
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weekiel02
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