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VTT Lab Animal Med
QUIZ 1 review ( HW+ review+PP)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the animal model? | An animal that has been selected as an applied research test subject. |
Define hypothesis | A theory based on current knowledge that could answer the question or provide a solution. |
Define principal investigator | The scientist that developed the hypothesis and planned the experimental design. They often have an advanced degree in a specific field |
What is IACUC? | Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee |
What is AALAS? | American Association of Laboratory Animal Science, association of professionals that advances responsible laboratory animal care and use to benefit people and animals - set criteria and tests ALAT, LAT, LATG |
What is ACLAM? | American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine |
What is the Animal Welfare Act? | Principle federal statute governing the sale, handling, transport, and use of animals. AWA sets standards of care for animals in education, research, and exhibition |
What is an intrinsic factor? | Factors that can influence the outcome of animal testing which originate from within the body |
What is an extrinsic factor? | Factors that can influence the outcome of animal testing that originate from outside of the body (ex. temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, ventilation. |
What is the PHS? | Public Health Services, Agency that sets specific policies regarding vertebrate animal care in research and education as well as requiring the relief of pain and suffering in the event euthanasia is necessary. |
What is the FDA? | Food and Drug Administration, set the guidelines that biomedical researchers and manufacturers are expected to adhere to. |
What is the EPA? | Environmental Protection Agency, can remove products from the market if the safety of that product cannot be determined and request specific animal testing under the Toxic Substance Control Act |
What is the NIH? | National Institutes of Health, provides grants and contracts to support research and training |
What is the CPSC? | Consumer Protection Safety Commission they protect consumers from unreasonable injury and death caused by products |
What is AAALAC? | Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, a private, nonprofit organization that provides voluntary accreditation program to promote the humane treatment of animals in science |
Define gnotobiotic | Animals considered to have well-defined microflora |
Define SPF, what does it stand for & what is it? | Specific Pathogen Free, animals have been demonstrated to be free of certain pathogens |
Define Axenic | Germ free |
Define Morbidity | How often a disease occurs in a specific area or is a term used to describe a focus on death |
Define Mortality | the number of deaths in a given time or place |
What are the three R'S of laboratory medicine? | Reduction, Refinement, Replacement |
What does Reduction mean in relation to laboratory medicine? | Using the absolute least number of animals necessary to achieve the research goals |
What does Refinement mean in relation to laboratory medicine? | The most skilled investigator using procedures that cause the least discomfort to the animal to achieve a result that is of maximum benefit to mankind (as close as possible) |
What does Replacement me in regards to laboratory medicine? | Utilizing lower forms of life, computer models. Or other artificial means whenever possible |
Who oversees compliance of the AWA? | The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is authorized by law to enforce the animal welfare regulations. |
Name 5 medical advances that have happened because of research on animals. | Immunizations for polio, diphtheria, measles, etc. Development of antibiotics. Insulin. Chemotherapy. Surgical Advancements. Pharmaceuticals to treat hypotension and mental illness. |
What is APHIS? | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - inspect facilities under the direction of the USDA |
What is REAC? | Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care - enforces penalties for violations of the AWA including closing and fining or suspending individuals and corporations |
What are the goals of lab animal research? | 1. Improving knowledge of anatomy and physiology 2. Examining disease process 3. Finding ways to control and treat diseases |
Who makes up the research team?? | The PI, a lab animal DVM,an administrator, and the animal caregivers |
What type of factors can influence the outcome of animal testing? | Experimental, Dietary, Intrinsic, Extrinsic |
What is the IACUC responsible for? | For all aspects of animal use, education, health, and compliance with all laws and regulations. |
When was the AWA passed?? | 1966 after what? Life magazine featuring horrors of stolen pets |
What is a metabolism cage | Used to collect urine and feces in a manner that the total volume can be measured and analyzed |
Inhalation cage | Enclosed chamber allowing a substance to be applied directly into the cage w/o contaminating the room air |
What is biosafety level 1 | Agents not known to cause disease in humans, but could cause harm in immunosuppressed individuals. |
Biosafety level II | Agents that have potential to cause human disease if handled incorrectly, specific precautions should be taken. LOW potential for aerosolization |
Biosafety level III | Agents that can cause serious and potentially lethal disease, with high potential for aerosolization |
Biosafety level IV | Agents that have a HIGH risk of causing life threatening disease with high transmissibility and aerosolization |
Examples of Biosafety level one agents | soaps, cleaning agents, vaccines, species specific infectious diseases |
What biosafety level are toxoplasma and salmonella | II |
What biosafety level are mycobacterium and tuberculosis?? | III |
What biosafety level are Ebola and Marburg disease? | IV |
How many complete air changes should an room in a research facility undergo? | 10-15 |
How many hours of dark and light should animal rooms have each day? | 12 |
How often are M&M reports published?? | monthly |
What are the requirements for sentinel mice? | SPF free |
How often are sentinel cages euthanized and tested? | Every 90 days |