Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
DU PA CNS Neoplasm
Duke PA CNS Neoplasm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CNS tumors rarely __ | metastasize to other organs |
| __ which arise from astrocytes are the most common CNS tumor | gliomas |
| in a patient with a known systemic malignant disease, __ are more likely than a primary CNS tumor | metasteses |
| symptoms caused by intracranial tumors result from either __ or __ | compression of the brain by tumor and the presence of associated edema, infiltration and destruction of brain parenchyma by tumor cells |
| even small CNS tumors may cause symptoms because of the __ | uncompromising rigidity of the cranial vault |
| __ is the most common generalized symptom and is the first symptom in over on third of adults with brain tumor | headache |
| headaches from intracranial tumors are often worse in the __ | morning |
| headaches from intracranial tumors are provoked worse by | maneuvers that increase intracranial pressure |
| generalized symptoms of intracranial tumor | headache, changes in mood or personality, decreased appetite, nausea, seizure (general) |
| generized symptom of intracranial tumor that is common in children but rare in adults | projectile vomiting |
| tumors of the __ lobe may grow to massive proportions before symptoms prompt the patient or the patient's family to seek medical help | frontal lobe |
| __ may occur with a frontal lobe tumor | progressive difficulty with concentration and memory, personality changes, and lack of spontaneity |
| __ most commonly seen with gliomas or lymphomas may cause spasticity of the extremities and the appearance of primitive reflexes | bifrontal disease |
| __ tumors produce subtle sensory signs or hemianesthesia | parietal lobe |
| tumors of the __ may produce spatial disorientation or left homonymous hemianopia | right parietal lobe |
| __ tumors cause receptive aphasia or right homonymous hemianopia | left parietal lobe |
| tumors of the __ can lead to behavioral changes, olfactory hallucinations, complex partial seizures, and quadrantanopia | temporal lobes |
| all patients with a suspected brain tumor should have either __ | an MRI or contrast-enhanced CT |
| __ are not adequate for evaluating either primary tumors or metastatic tumors | CT scans done without contrast enhancement |
| cerebral angiography is indicated only when __ | an understanding of tumor blood supply is deemed necessary before surgical resection |
| PET scanning reveals areas of __ and may indicate greater extent of tumor than suggested on CT or MRI | increased glucose metabolism |
| __ are particularly useful in assessing response to treatment or providing evidence of recurrent disease after primary therapy | PET scans |
| __ is helpful only if leptomeningeal involvement with tumor is suggested | lumbar puncture |
| __ is contraindicated when an intracranial mass lesion is present | lumbar puncture |
| even when surgical cure is unlikely, resection of a large portion of the tumor may | relieve symptoms for many months |
| Surgical resection is not recommended for patients with __ b/c these tumors are often multifocal and respond to a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy | CNS lymphomas |
| most patients with CNS tumors have __ | brain edema |
| some patient with CNS tumors and brain edema benefit from | glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) |
| in patients with life-threatening edema with signs of brain herniation, __ can be given IV to reduce intracranial pressure, along with dexamethasone | mannitol |
| whole brain radiation therapy is associated with __ | long-term toxicity exhibited as dementia and gait disturbance |
| the major obstacle to the effective use of chemotherapy in brain tumors is the __ | blood brain barrier |
| oligodendromas are unusually __ | sensitive to chemotherapy |
| of the anaplastic gliomas __ is associated with the worst prognosis, with median survival of less than 12 months | glioblastoma multiforme |
| __ arise outside the brain and generally grow slowly | meningiomas |
| __ is not used in the treatment of meningiomas | chemotherapy |
| most intracranial tumors are __ | metastatic from other sites |
| the tumors that commonly metastasize to the brain are __ | lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma |
| rapidly growing tumors cause __ | massive edema |
| spinal tumors are __ compared to brain tumors | less common |
| among the earliest symptoms of spinal cord tumors | back pain and distal paresthesias |
| __ is the most useful tool for evaluating the patient with suggested spinal cord tumor | MRI |
| treatment of primary spinal cord tumors is with | surgical resection |
| patients with epidural metastatic tumors of the spinal cord are treated with __ and surgery or radiation | corticosteroids |
| in children most primary brain tumors are located in the __ | posterior fossa |
| in adults most primary brain tumors are located in the __ | cerebral hemispheres |
| primary tumors develop from __ cells | non-neuronal |
| 25% of all gliomas, can occur anywhere in the brain or spinal cord, grow by slow infiltration, 1/2 patients present with a focal or generalized seizure, later symptoms: headache and increased ICP | astrocytoma |
| 50% of all gliomas, highly invasive, rapidly growing, bilateral in 50% of patients, frequently causes intracerebral hemorrhage. less than 20% of patients survive one year | glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) |
| CNS lymphoma treatment is with | radiation and steroids |
| most common hormone secreted from a pituitary adenoma | prolactin |
| increase levels of prolactin from a pituitary adenoma can result in | amenorrhea/galactorrhea syndrome |
| tumors that rarely metastasize to the brain include | prostate, oro-pharyngeal carcinoma, and skin cancers other than melanoma |
| brain tumor presentation | localizing neurologic signs (+/-), mental function (slow, dull), headaches (occur at night and first awakening), vomiting (especially in posterior fossa tumors, seizures 20-50% of patients |
| signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure | headache (periodic bifrontal and bioccipital), projectile vomiting, mental slowness, incontinence, mental slowness, papilledema |
| causes of increased intracranial pressure | tumor mass, obstruction of CSF outflow, tumor related edema |
| mainstay of treatment for increased intracranial pressure | steroids |
| temporary treatment for increased intracranial pressure | osmotic agents (mannitol), hyperventilation (lowers pCO2, causing vasoconstriction) |
| remote effects of cancer | paraneoplastic syndromes |
| clinical paraneoplastic syndromes | Eaton Lambert, subacute cerebellar degeneration, brainstem encephalitis, sensory peripheral neuropathy |
| most common causes of paraneoplastic syndromes | small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer |
Created by:
bwyche
Popular Medical sets