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Diagnostic Imaging 3
Quiz Review #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Ventral | V: Lower or toward the lower aspect of the body, from the latin venter meaning "belly" |
| Define Dorsal | D: Toward the back; describes the upper aspects of the head, neck, trunk, and tail. In limbs, dorsal refers to those areas of the legs distally from the carpus and tarsus joints that face cranially or towards the head (from Latin dors/o "back") |
| Define Caudal | Cd: toward the tip of the tail. Also refers to the parts of the limb above (proximal to) the carpal and tarsal joints of the face toward the tail (from the Latin cauda, "tail") |
| Define Rostral | Ro: Toward the tip of the nose (from latin rostrum meaning "beak") |
| Define Proximal | Pr: Nearer to the middle or the point of origin of a structure (from Latin proxim/o meaning "next") |
| Define Distal | Di: Situated farthest from the center, median line, or point of attachment or origin. In dental radiography, the direction toward the last tooth in each quadrant; farthest from the median line (from Latin dist/o; "far") |
| Define Anterior | A: situated at or directed toward the front |
| Define Posterior | P: directed toward or situated at the back |
| Define Palmar | Pa: The caudal surface of the forelimb from and including the carpal joint distally (from Latin palmar, "hollow of hand") |
| Define Plantar | Pl: The caudal surface of the hind limb from the tarsal joint distally (from Latin plantar meaning, "sole of foot") |
| Define Cranial | Cr: The parts of the neck, trunk, and tail positioned toward the head from any given point. In limbs, cranial refers to the parts above (proximal to) the carpal and tarsal joints that face toward the head (from Latin cranio, "head") |
| What does VD refer to? | Ventral-Dorsal |
| What are the limits for a Thoracic view? | Cranial: Thoracic inlet, Caudal: Diaphragm, Dorsal: Thoracic spine, Ventral: Sternum |
| What are the landmarks for a Thoracic view? | Manubrium, Xyphoid process, Dorsal spinous process, Sternum |
| What are the limits for an Abdominal view? | Cranial: Diaphragm, Caudal: Pelvic inlet, Dorsal: Lumbar spine, Ventral: Abdominal (belly) wall |
| What are the landmarks for an Abdominal view? | three ribs cranial to xyphoid process, Greater trochanter of the femur, Dorsal spinous process, Belly wall |
| What are the limits for a Pelvic view? | Cranial: Pelvic inlet, Caudal Ischium, Dorsal: None, Ventral: None |
| What are the landmarks for a Pelvic view? | Wings of the ileum, Ischiatic tuberosity |
| What are the limits for a Cervical Spinal view? | Cranial: C1, Caudal: C7, Dorsal: None, Ventral: None |
| What are the landmarks for a Cervical Spinal view? | Wings of the atlas, Dorsal tips of the scapula, none, none |
| What are the limits for a Thoracic Spinal view? | Cranial: T1, Caudal T13, Dorsal: None, Ventral: None |
| What are the landmarks for a Thoracic Spinal view? | Dorsal tips of the scapula, last rib, none, none |
| What are the limits for a Lumbar Spinal view? | Cranial: T11, Caudal L2, Dorsal: None, Ventral: None |
| What are the landmarks for a Lumbar Spinal view? | 9th rib, Iliac crest |
| what is the most common non-GI study? | cystography |
| what does the developer do? | converts the sensitive halide crystals into black metallic silver |
| what does the fixer do? | removes the unchanged silver hallide crystals while hardening the emulsion |
| what maintenance can we do on the automatic processor | have professionally serviced every 3 months, wipe feed tray and rollers every day with a soft sponge |
| amber filter is sensitive to what color light? | blue |
| dark red filter is sensitive to what color light? | blocks both green and blue light |
| what is the optimal temperature for manual processing solutions? | 68 F, achieved at room temp of 95 F |
| What does DMO refer to? | dorsal-medial-oblique, dorsal aspect of the medial part of a limb, at an angle |
| What is a positive-contrast media? | radio-opaque, high density, white on radiograph, Barium sulphate and water-soluble organic iodides |
| What is a negative-contrast media? | radio-luscent, low density, black on radiograph, non-ionic iodides, or gases |
| what is the double-contrast procedure? | administer negative contrast medai first, then rotate animal to fully coat organs, then positive media. this prevents air bubbles from forming |
| Define Recumbancy: | Lying down. Most radiographs of the dog and cat are made in this position. In small animals, it is the assumed position unless otherwise noted. |
| Define Extension: | An unbending movement around a joint in a limb (such as with the knee or elbow) that increases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint |
| Define Flexion: | A bending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint4 |
| Define Hyperextension: | Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit |
| Define Left: | The patient’s left; (L, Le) In a LeL this would be the patient’s side that is down against the table. |
| Define Right: | The patient’s right; (R) In a RtL this would be the patient’s side that is down against the table. |
| Define Medial: | Towards the midline; (M) |
| Define Lateral: | Away from the midline; (L/Lat) |
| Define Distal: | Situated farthest from the center, median line, or point of attachment or origin. In dental radiography, the direction toward the last tooth in each quadrant; farthest from the median line (from Latin dist/o; "far"); (Di) |
| Define Oblique: | Not parallel (O) In radiography this is added to the name of projections in which the central ray passes “obliquely” (not parallel) to one of the three major directional axes. |
| Vertebral formula for Carnivores: | : C7, T13, L7, S3, Cy 5-25(depending on species, breed, and individual Cats are 5-23 and Dogs are 20-25 typically) |
| Define V/D: | Ventral-Dorsal The beam enters the ventral (abdominal) surface and exits the dorsal (back) surface. |
| Define D/V: | Dorsal-Ventral The beam enters the dorsal surface and exits the ventral surface. This is the standard position for small animal thoracic cavity images with the patient in the sternal recumbency (back upwards, abdomen on table). |
| Define Rostrocaudal: | Animal is in dorsal recumbancy, beam enters the rostral aspect (nose) of the skull and exits the caudal aspect (back of the skull) (RCd) |
| Define DP: | Dorsal-Posterior While in sternal recumbency, the x-rays pass through the limb from the Dorsal aspect to the Posterior |
| Define AP: | Anterior-Posterior |
| Define LM: | Mediolateral view - The beam enters the lateral side and leaves the medial side.Small animal extremities are usually exposed as mediolateral projections. |
| Define DMO: | DorsoMedial (Pl or Pa) Oblique |
| Define Arthography: | Diagnostic imaging contrast study that evaluate articular surfaces and joint capsules |
| Define Celiography: | Diagnostic imaging contrast study that evaluate the abdominal cavity and diaphram |
| Define Cystography: | Diagnostic imaging contrast study that evaluates the bladder |
| Define Contrast media: | A substance that can be instilled into the body by injection or ingestion to create higher subject contrast. |
| Define Double contrast: | Diagnostic imaging contrast study that utilizes both negative(radiolucent) and positive(radiopaque) contrast media. |
| Define Esophography: | Radiographic examination of the esophageal function and morphology following the administration of contrast medium. |
| Define Fistulography: | Diagnostic imaging contrast study that evaluates the extent of fistulous tracts |
| Define Gastrography: | Radiographic examination of the size, shape, position, and morphology of the stomach following administration of a contrast medium. |
| Define Myelography: | Radiographic examination of the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord following the administration of a contrast medium. |
| Define Negative Contrast: | Diagnostic imaging contrast study that utilizes positive contrast media which is radiolucent such as nonionic iodides, air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. |
| Define Positive Contrast: | Diagnostic imaging contrast study that utilizes positive contrast media which is radiopaque (two common are barium sulfate and water-soluble organic iodides) Not used when perforation is suspected |
| Define Radiopaque: | A substance such as barium that contains elements of high atomic number that will absorb more x-rays than tissue or bone so it appears white on a radiograph. |
| Define Radiolucent: | A substance that allows x-rays to penetrate with less absorption than soft tissues and will thus appear black on a radiograph. Air, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide are such agents. |
| What is an OFA radiograph? | for detection and assessment of hip joint irregularities and secondary arthritic hip joint changes. |
| What is included on an OFA radiograph? | The radiograph film must be permanently identified with the animal's registration number or name, date the radiograph was taken, and the veterinarian's name or hospital name. |
| What does OFA stand for? | Orthopedic Foundation for Animals |
| When might an oblique be used? |
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Adeprey4311
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