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Tissue/Integument
Intro, Tissue and Integument - VTT 236
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 primary types of tissue? | Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue |
| What is histology? | The study of the microscopic structures of tissues and organs. |
| What are the 7 functions performed by epithelial cells? | Protects, covers, lines, filters biochemical substances, absorbs nutrients, provides sensory input, manufactures secretions and excretions |
| What are the 3 basic shapes of epithelial cells? | Squamous, cuboidal, cloumnar |
| What is a gland? | An organ that secretes particular substances for use in the body or discharge into the surroundings. |
| What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? | Endocrine glands do not have ducts, exocrine glands (except goblet cells) have ducts. |
| Give examples of Endocrine glands. | Pituitary gland, adrenal gland |
| Give examples of Exocrine glands. | Salivary glands, sweat glands, liver, pancreas |
| What does the integument consist of? | Skin, hair, nails, paw pads |
| What tissue types does integument consist of? | All 4 (epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous) |
| What are the functions of the skin? | Protection, temp. regulation, vitamin D synthesis, sensory, excretion, immunity |
| The epidermis has __ layers. | 5 |
| The 5 layers in the epidermis are what? (deepest to superficial) | Stratum basal, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum |
| Cells of the epidermis die as they become superficial, because they are further from the __________ source. | Nutrition |
| What cells make up the epidermis? | Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhahns, merkel |
| What cell of the epidermis is most abundant? | Keratinocytes |
| What happens to cells as they move to the outer layer? | Lose nucleus, sharp edges, harden |
| Melanocytes give ________ (color). | Pigment |
| A _______ cell is found at the epidermal-dermal junction. | Merkel |
| The _________ cells are a macrophage specific to the dermis. | Langerhans |
| A macrophage is a WBC that leaves the blood stream and enters what? | Tissue |
| The papilla are _______ in the dermis, that rise up and lock things together. | projections |
| Why do animals have a large hypodermal layer? | Protection; allows skin to be pulled away without damage to tissue beneath |
| The ________ ________ is a touch receptor sensitive to heavy pressure and is deeper than the Meissners corpuscle. | Pacinian corpuscle |
| The rough tissue that makes up the nose is the ______ ________ and it is usually pigmented. | Planum nasale |
| The nose only has __ layers of epidermal tissue. | 3 (normally there are 5 layers of epidermis) |
| Where is the toughest and thickest skin on a dog or cat? | Paw pads |
| Dogs have ___________ foot pads. | 1 carpal, 1 metacarpal, 1 for every digit (including dewclaw) |
| A root hair ________ are nerve endings that connect hair bulb deep in the follicle. | Plexus |
| A ________ hair follicle occurs when more than one hair grows out of a follicle. | Compound |
| Dogs have compound follicles in which __ hairs typically grow in each follicle. | 3 |
| An _______ ________ allows hair to stand at an angle. | Errector Pilli |
| What are the 3 types of hair in dogs and cats? | primary, secondary (undercoat), tactile (whiskers, these are sensory) |
| A ________ (oily) gland is not found in the nose and foot pads. | Sebaceous |
| Sebaceous glands secrete _________ and are connected to hair follicles; these make the hair oily. | Sebum |
| What is the purpose of sebaceous glands? | Waterproof skin, keep things from drying out, keeps hair from getting brittle, inhibit bacteria growth |
| What are the 2 types of sweat glands? | Eccrine, apocrine |
| __________ is the equilibrium of the body; active balance maintenance. | Homeostasis |
| The _______ ______ keeps epithelial tissue connected to underlying tissue. | Basement membrane |
| Epithelial cells do not have _____ _____. | Blood vessels |
| What are cilia? | Hair-like epitlilia projections |
| Cilia are _______ to the cell, not part of the cell like microvilli. | attached |
| What types of cells have distinct sides? | Squamous |
| Where would you find simple squamous cells? | Alveoli of lungs, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, kidneys, body cavities (pleura, peritoneum) |
| Where would you find stratified squamous? | Skin, digestive tract past the stomach, ear, vaginal canal, mucous membranes |
| Where would you find simple cuboidal? | Exocrine glands, salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas |
| Where would you find simple columnar? | GI and respiratory tract. |
| Pseudostratified columnar have how many layers? | 1 |
| What shape are pseudostratified columnar? | Columns w/ cilia |
| Where would you find pseudostratified columnar? | Respiratory tract |
| What is produced by goblet cells? | Mucous |
| What is the epithelial cell type that can stretch? | Transitional |
| Where are Transitional cells found? | Bladder, ureters, uterus |
| Where would you find glandular cells? | Pancreas |
| What are two categories of connective tissue? | Proper and specialized |
| CT proper includes....? | Dense and loose tissue |
| CT specialized includes....? | Bone, blood, cartilage |
| What 3 structural elements do all connective tissues have? | Matrix (ground tissue), fibers, cells |
| What is the matrix of blood? | Plasma |
| What are the 3 types of loose CT? | Areolar, adipose, reticular |
| What are the 3 types of dense CT? | Dense regular, dense irregular (sheet), dense elastic |
| What are the 3 types of cartilage? | Hyaline, fibrocartilage (strongest), elastic |
| Hyaline cartilage is also called _______, and is the most abundant to reduce friction in joints. | Gristle |
| What are the 3 types of muscle? | Smooth, cardiac, skeletal |
| What are the 2 layers of the dermis? | Papillary, reticular |
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PimaVT
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