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Parasitology
Common parasites of animals in the US.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Otobius megnini: Class | Arachnida |
| Otobius megnini: Order | Acarina |
| Otobius megnini: Family | Argasidae |
| Otobius megnini: Common name | Spinose Ear Tick |
| Otobius megnini: Host species | Horses, SACs, dogs, cats, wildlife, humans, cattle |
| Otobius megnini: Distribution | Western North America |
| Otobius megnini: Number of hosts | 1 |
| Otobius megnini: Site of infestation | Ear canal |
| Otobius megnini: Life cycle timing | Unfed nymphs can survive 2 months. Nymphs on host 1-7 months (exception to general soft tick ecology) |
| Ixodes scapularis: Class | Arachnida |
| Ixodes scapularis: Order | Acarina |
| Ixodes scapularis: Family | Ixodidae |
| Ixodes scapularis: Common name | Black-legged tick |
| Ixodes scapularis: Host species | Nymphs: rodents, adults: deer |
| Ixodes scapularis: Distribution | Eastern US |
| Ixodes scapularis: Number of hosts | 3 |
| Ixodes scapularis: Pathogen | Borrelia burdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
| Ixodes scapularis: Disease | Lyme disease (worldwide), ehrlichiosis (granulocytic anaplasmosis; dogs, horses, humans - US, EU, Asia) |
| Ixodes pacificus: Class | Arachnida |
| Ixodes scapularis: Order | Acarina |
| Ixodes scapularis: Family | Ixodidae |
| Ixodes scapularis: Common name | Black-legged tick |
| Ixodes scapularis: Host species | Nymphs: rodents, adults: deer |
| Ixodes scapularis: Distribution | Eastern US |
| Ixodes scapularis: Number of hosts | 3 |
| Ixodes scapularis: Pathogen | Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
| Ixodes scapularis: Disease | Lyme disease (worldwide), ehrlichiosis (granulocytic anaplasmosis; dogs, horses, humans - US, EU, Asia) |
| Amblyomma americanum: Class | Arachnida |
| Amblyomma americanum: Order | Acarina |
| Amblyomma americanum: Family | Ixodidae |
| Amblyomma americanum: Common name | Lone star tick |
| Amblyomma americanum: Host species | Nymphs: foxes, etc., Adults: Cattle, etc. |
| Amblyomma americanum: Distribution | Texas to Maine |
| Amblyomma americanum: Clinical signs | Severe anemia |
| Amblyomma americanum: Pathogen/Disease/Distribution | Cytauxzoon felis/Cytauxzoonosis/SE US |
| Amblyomma americanum: Number of hosts | 3 |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Class | Arachnida |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Order | Acarina |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Family | Ixodidae |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Common name | Gulf Coast tick |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Host species | Nymphs: foxes, etc; Adults: cattle, etc. |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Distribution | Gulf Coast |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Clinical signs | Severe anemia |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Number of hosts | 3 |
| Amblyomma maculatum: Pathogen/Disease/Distribution | Hepatozoon americanum/Hepatozoonosis/SE US |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Class | Arachnida |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Order | Acarina |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Family | Ixodidae |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Common name | Rocky Mountain wood tick |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Host species | Nymphs: rodents; Adults: Larger animals |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Distribution | Northwest |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Clinical signs | Tick paralysis |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Number of hosts | 3 |
| Dermacentor andersoni: Pathogen/Disease/Distribution | Rickettsia rickettsi/Rocky Mountain spotted fever/North and South America; Francisella tularensis/Tularemia; Anaplasma marginale/Bovine anaplasmosis/SE, SW, West Coast, Great Britain |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Class | Arachnida |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Order | Acarina |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Family | Ixodidae |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Common name | Winter tick |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Host species | Moose, other wildlife |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Distribution | North America - widespread |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Clinical signs | Massive infestations seen in spring, pruritis, hair loss, debilitation |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Disease | none |
| Dermacentor albipictus: Total life cycle time | 1 year |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Class | Arachnida |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Order | Acarina |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Family | Ixodidae |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Common name | American dog tick |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Host species | Nymphs: rodents; Adults: larger animals |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Distribution | North America - widespread |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Clinical signs | Tick paralysis |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Number of hosts | 3 |
| Dermacentor variabilis: Pathogen/Disease/Distribution | Rickettsia rickettsi/Rocky Mountain spotted fever/North and South America; Francisella tularensis/Tularemia |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Class | Arachnida |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Order | Acarina |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Family | Ixodidae |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Common name | Brown dog tick |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Host species | Dogs, humans, others |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Distribution | US and SE Canada (survives indoors in colder areas) |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Number of hosts | 3 |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Pathogen/Disease/Distribution | Babesia canis; Ehrlicia canis/Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis/Worldwide (tropical/temperate); Anaplasma platys/SE US, South America, EU, Japan |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Total life cycle time | As little as 2 months; Unfed adults can survive over a year |
| Rhipicephalus microplus: Class | Arachnida |
| Rhipicephalus microplus: Order | Acarina |
| Rhipicephalus microplus: Family | Ixodidae |
| Rhipicephalus microplus: Host species | Cattle, etc |
| Rhipicephalus microplus: Distribution | Eradicated in US |
| Rhipicephalus microplus: Number of hosts | 1 |
| Rhipicephalus microplus: Pathogen/Disease/Distribution | Babesia bigemina/Bovine babesiosis (= Texas cattle fever)/Central and South America, AU, EU, Africa; Anaplasma marginale/Bovine anaplasmosis/SE, SW, West Coast, Great Britain |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Class | Arachnida |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Order | Acarina |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Family | Ixodidae |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Common name | American cattle tick |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Distribution | Eradicated in US |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Host species | Cattle, Nilgai |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Number of hosts | 1 |
| Rhipicephalus annulatus: Pathogen/Disease/Distribution | Babesia bigemina/Bovine babesiosis (=Texas cattle fever)/Central and South America, AU, EU, Africa |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. canis: Class | Arachnida |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. canis: Order | Acarina |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. canis: Type | Tunneling sarcoptiform |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. canis: Host species | Dogs, Humans (not great hosts) |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. canis: Site of infestation | Ears, lateral elbows, ventral abdomen |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. canis: Clinical signs | Initially erythematous, then papular; becoming crust, thickened with alopecia, pruritis |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. suis: Class | Arachnida |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. suis: Order | Acarina |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. suis: Type | Tunneling sarcoptiform |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. suis: Host species | Pigs |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. suis: Site of infestation | Head (ears, nose, eyes) initially; spreads to neck, shoulders, back |
| Sarcoptes scabiei v. suis: Clinical signs | Inflammation, erythema, alopecia, with intense pruritis |
| Notoedres cati: Class | Arachnida |
| Notoedres cati: Order | Acarina |
| Notoedres cati: Type | Tunneling sarcoptiform |
| Notoedres cati: Host species | Cats, rabbits |
| Notoedres cati: Site of infestation | Starts on ears; spreads to face, neck, paws, and hindquarters |
| Notoedres cati: Clinical signs | Yellow crusts, thickened skin, alopecia (most common cause of feline scabies) |
| Psoroptes cuniculi: Class | Arachnida |
| Psoroptes cuniculi: Order | Acarina |
| Psoroptes cuniculi: Type | Surface sarcoptiform |
| Psoroptes cuniculi: Host species | Rabbits, livestock, horses, SACs, cervids |
| Psoroptes cuniculi: Site of infestation | Ears |
| Psoroptes cuniculi: Clinical signs | Dried crust in pinna, brown discharge; otitis media may result |
| Psoroptes ovis: Class | Arachnida |
| Psoroptes ovis: Order | Acarina |
| Psoroptes ovis: Type | Surface sarcoptiform |
| Psoroptes ovis: Species | Sheep |
| Psoroptes ovis: Site of infestation | Wooled areas of the body |
| Psoroptes ovis: Clinical signs | Extremely pruritic; constant rubbing leads to self-mutilation; wool falls out; skins become thickened, cracks, bleeds easily; debilitation and sometimes death |
| Psoroptes ovis = P. bovis: Class | Arachnida |
| Psoroptes ovis = P. bovis: Order | Acarina |
| Psoroptes ovis = P. bovis: Type | Surface sarcoptiform |
| Psoroptes ovis = P. bovis: Host species | Cattle |
| Psoroptes ovis = P. bovis: Site of infestation | Withers, back, rump |
| Psoroptes ovis: Distribution | ERADICATED IN US |
| Psoroptes ovis = P. bovis: Distribution | ERADICATED IN US |
| Psoroptes ovis = P. bovis: Clinical signs | Pruritic areas consisting of papules, crusts, thickened skin |
| Chorioptes spp: Class | Arachnida |
| Chorioptes spp: Order | Acarina |
| Chorioptes spp: Host species | Ruminants, camelids, horses |
| Chorioptes spp: Site of infestation | Skin of lower hind legs, tailhead, escutcheon |
| Chorioptes spp: Clinical signs | Skin becomes thickened; not overly pruritic |
| Otodectes cynotis: Class | Arachnida |
| Otodectes cynotis: Order | Acarina |
| Otodectes cynotis: Type | Surface sarcoptiform |
| Otodectes cynotis: Host species | Dogs, cats, ferrets |
| Otodectes cynotis: Site of infestation | External ear, ear canal; has been found around base of tail |
| Otodectes cynotis: Clinical signs | Intense pruritis; dark cerumen; head shaking can cause aural hematoma; untreated can lead to tympanic membrane perforation |
| Demodex spp: Host species | Dogs, cats, cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, horses |
| Demodex spp: Site of infestation | Dogs: muzzle, face, bony projections on extremities; Cats: face, neck, eyelids; Cattle/goats: shoulders, trunk, lateral neck; Pigs: eyes and snout; Horses: neck and withers, then head, forelimbs, back |
| Demodex spp: Clinical signs | Dogs: Localized demodecosis; patchy alopecia, non-pruritic; Cats: alopecia, erythema, scaly or crusty dermatitis; Cattle/goats: pinhead and larger sized pustules; Pigs: pustules; Horses: pruritis, alopecia with scaling or pustules |
| Demodex spp: Class | Arachnida |
| Demodex spp: Order | Acarina |
| Demodex spp: Type | Non-sarcoptiform |
| Cheyletiella spp: Class | Arachnida |
| Cheyletiella spp: Order | Acarina |
| Cheyletiella spp: Type | Non-sarcoptiform |
| Cheyletiella spp: Common name | Walking dandruff |
| Cheyletiella spp: Host species | Rabbits, cats, dogs |
| Cheyletiella spp: Site of infestation | Generalized (mites are motile) |
| Cheyletiella spp: Clinical signs | Dry, scaly dermatitis; mild alopecia; perhaps skin thickening |
| Pneumonyssoides caninum: Class | Arachnida |
| Pneumonyssoides caninum: Order | Acarina |
| Pneumonyssoides caninum: Type | Non-sarcoptiform |
| Pneumonyssoides caninum: Common name | Nasal mite |
| Pneumonyssoides caninum: Host species | Dogs |
| Pneumonyssoides caninum: Site of infestation | Nasal and paranasal sinuses |
| Pneumonyssoides caninum: Clinical signs | Generally non-pathogenic; sneezing, sinusitis, labored breating, CNS disorders |
| Felicola subrostratus: Class | Insecta |
| Felicola subrostratus: Order | Mallophaga |
| Felicola subrostratus: Type | Chewing louse |
| Felicola subrostratus: Host species | Cats |
| Felicola subrostratus: Clinical signs | Irritation, pruritis, scratching, licking, restlessness; loss of condition, poor weight gain, decreased milk production (cattle), etc. |
| Trichodectes canis: Class | Insecta |
| Trichodectes canis: Order | Mallophaga |
| Trichodectes canis: Type | Chewing lice |
| Trichodectes canis: Host species | Dogs |
| Trichodectes canis: Clinical signs | Irritation, pruritis, scratching, licking, restlessness; loss of condition, poor weight gain, decreased milk production (cattle), etc. |
| Linognathus setosus: Class | Insecta |
| Linognathus setosus: Order | Anoplura |
| Linognathus setosus: Type | Sucking lice |
| Linognathus setosus: Host species | Dogs |
| Linognathus setosus: Clinical signs | ANEMIA, irritations, pruritis, scratching, licking, restlessness, loss of condition, poor weight gain, decreased milk production (cattle), etc |
| Linognathus setosus: Pathogen | Acanthocheilonema reconditum |
| Trichodectes canis: Pathogen | Dipylidium caninum (tape worm) |
| Haematopinus suis: Class | Insecta |
| Haematopinus suis: Order | Anoplura |
| Haematopinus suis: Type | Sucking lice |
| Haematopinus suis: Host species | Pigs |
| Haematopinus suis: Clinical signs | ANEMIA, irritations, pruritis, scratching, licking, restlessness, loss of condition, poor weight gain, decreased milk production (cattle), etc |
| Haematopinus suis: Pathogen | Swine pox virus |
| Ctenocephalides felis & canis: Class | Insecta |
| Ctenocephalides felis & canis: Order | Siphonaptera |
| Ctenocephalides felis & canis: common name | Flea (Felis = most common flea of cats and dogs) |
| Ctenocephalides felis & canis: Host species | Cats, dogs, humans, others |
| Ctenocephalides felis & canis: Distribution | Throughout US (particularly prevalent in humid areas) |
| Ctenocephalides felis & canis: Clinical signs | Irritation, biting and scratching; severe infestation can cause anemia; flea allergy hypersensitivity/dermatitis - intensely pruritic reaction |
| Ctenocephalides felis & canis: Pathogen | Dipylidium caninum, Acantocheilonema reconditum, Bartonella henselae |
| Pulex irritans: Class | Insecta |
| Pulex irritans: Order | Siphonaptera |
| Pulex irritans: Common name | Human flea |
| Pulex irritans: Host species | Humans, others |
| Pulex irritans: Distribution | Most common flea biting humans in CO |
| Pulex irritans: Clinical signs | Irritation, biting and scratching; severe infestation can cause anemia; flea allergy hypersensitivity/dermatitis - intensely pruritic reaction |
| Pulex irritans: Pathogen | Yersinia pestis (plague) |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Class | Insecta |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Order | Diptera |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Type | Obligatory myiasis-producing flies |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Common name | American primary screwworm |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Host species | Any warm-blood animals |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Distribution | ERADICATED IN US |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Clinical signs | Maggots in uncontaminated wound (+ history of travel to endemic area = REPORTABLE) |
| Lice: Total life cycle time | As little as 3-4 weeks; Off host: eggs don't hatch, nymph/adult can survive <1 week |
| Fleas: Total life cycle time | 3 weeks to 20 months |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax: Total life cycle time | L3-pupae-adult: 1 - several weeks; total time as low as 24 days (larvae cannot overwinter where soil freezes) |
| Hypoderma bovis: Common name | Northern cattle grub |
| Hypoderma bovis: Host species | Cattle (rarely horses/humans) |
| Hypoderma bovis: Distribution | Northern US and Canada |
| Hypoderma bovis: Clinical signs | "Warbles" - bumps on dorsal side of animal; eggs glued to hair |
| Hypoderma bovis: Total life cycle time | 1 year |
| Hypoderma bovis: Disease | Can cause CNS disease (epidural resting site) |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Common name | Southern/common cattle grub |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Host species | Cattle (rarely horses/humans) |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Distribution | US and Canada |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Clinical signs | "Warbles" - bumps on dorsal side of animal; eggs glued to hair |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Total life cycle time | 1 year |
| Gasterophilus nasalis: Common name | Horse stomach bot |
| Gasterophilus nasalis: Host species | Horses |
| Gasterophilus nasalis: Site of infestation | Intermandibular space to duodenum |
| Gasterophilus nasalis: Clinical signs | Eggs glued to hairs; 3rd stage larvae in feces (spring); inflammation and mucosal ulceration |
| Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis: Common name | Horse stomach bot |
| Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis: Site of infestation | Lips to duodenum/rectum |
| Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis: Clinical signs | Eggs glued to hairs; L3 in feces (spring) |
| Gasterophilus intestinalis: Common name | Horse stomach bot |
| Gasterophilus intestinalis: Site of infestation | Forelegs/shoulders to margo plicatus/saccus cecus |
| Gasterophilus intestinalis: Clinical signs | Eggs glued to hairs; 3rd stage larvae in feces (spring); inflammation and mucosal ulceration |
| Hypoderma bovis: Class | Insecta |
| Hypoderma bovis: Order | Diptera |
| Hypoderma bovis: Type | Obligatory myiasis-producing flies |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Class | Insecta |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Order | Diptera |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Type | Obligatory myiasis-producing flies |
| Gasterophilus nasalis: Class | Insecta |
| Gasterophilus nasalis: Order | Diptera |
| Gasterophilus nasalis: Type | Obligatory myiasis-producing flies |
| Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis: Class | Insecta |
| Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis: Order | Diptera |
| Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis: Type | Obligatory myiasis-producing flies |
| Oestrus ovis: Class | Insecta |
| Oestrus ovis: Order | Diptera |
| Oestrus ovis: Type | Obligatory myiasis-producing flies |
| Oestrus ovis: Common name | Sheep nasal bot |
| Oestrus ovis: Host species | Sheep/goats |
| Oestrus ovis: Site of infestation | Nostrils |
| Oestrus ovis: Clinical signs | Purulent rhinitis/sinusitis, head shaking, restlessness, snorting, can lead to brain injury |
| Hypoderma lineatum: Clinical signs | Can lead to bloat/choke (esophageal resting site) |
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