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Bacteriology
Species, disease, clinical signs, vaccines, antibiotics, transmission, etc.
| Term | Definition | undefined |
|---|---|---|
| Strep equi ssp equi: Species? | Horse | |
| Strep equi ssp equi: Disease? | Strangles, bastard strangles, pupura hemorrhagica, myopathies | |
| Strep equi ssp equi: Clinical? | Lymph node abscess in neck, widespread internal damage | |
| Strep equi ssp equi: Vaccine? | Yes - not frequently used. Doesn't stimulate mucosal immunity, can't give IM, if given intranasal dose must be frequent and regular. Foals have maternal immunity until weaning. | |
| Strep equi ssp equi: Virulence? | Protein M, capsule (antiphagocytic factors), B-hemolysis, exotoxins (vascular dilation, exudation of plasma and neutrophils) | |
| Strep equi ssp equi: Transmission? | Carried in gutteral pouch, nasal shedding for 2-3 weeks "Catarrahal strangles" - older horses with residual immunity can be carriers. | |
| Strep suis: Species? | Pig | |
| Strep suis: Disease? | Endocardidtis, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, septicemia, arthritis, meningitis | |
| Strep suis: Vaccine? | None - bacterin ineffective in preventing outbreaks, and interferes with maternal antibodie | |
| Strep pyogenes: Species? | Humans | |
| Strep pyogenes: Disease? | Pharyngitis/tonsilitis | |
| Strep pyogenes: Virulence? | B-hemolytic | |
| Strep pyogenes: Transmission? | Can be commensal/endogenous | |
| Strep pneumonia: Species? | Humans/primates Guinea pigs Rats Horses | |
| Strep pneumonia: Disease? | Humans/primates: pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis Guinea pigs/rats: pneumonia Horses: inflammatory lower airway disease (occurs in Great Britain in 2-3 y/o horses) | |
| Step pneumonia: Transmission? | Person-to-person | |
| Strep equi ssp zooepidemicus: Species? | *Horses (most common pyogenic agent) Rabbits Cows Swine Humans Ferrets (pneumonia) "Alpaca fever" | |
| Strep equi ssp zooepidemicus: Disease? | Most common pyogenic agent of horses (normal flora) Mastitis Abortion Peritonitis Wound infections | |
| Strep equi ssp zooepidemicus: Clinical? | Lymph node abscess | |
| Strep equi ssp zooepidemicus: Vaccine? | No: normal flora in horses | |
| Strep equi ssp zooepidemicus: Virulence? | B-hemolytic | |
| Strep equi ssp zooepidemicus: Transmission? | Normal flora of horses (endogenous) | |
| Strep porcinus: Species? | Pig | |
| Strep porcinus: Disease? | Cervical lymphadenitis | |
| Strep porcinus: Clinical? | Jowl abscesses | |
| Strep canis: Species? | Dog | |
| Strep canis: Disease? | Neonatal septicemia Genital, skin, wound infections Canine toxic shock syndrome Necrotizing fasciitis | |
| Strep canis: Clinical? | Hemorragic lungs Hemothorax | |
| Strep canis: Virulence? | B-hemolytic | |
| Strep agalactiae: Species? | Cattle | |
| Strep agalactiae: Disease? | Chronic bovine mastitis Agalactia (fault/absent milk production) | |
| Strep agalactiae: Virulence? | Synergistic "arrow-head" hemolysis at intersection of Strep and Staph | |
| Enterococcus spp (usually faecium): Species? | Dog Others | |
| Enterococcus spp (usually faecium): Disease? | Endocarditis 10-15% of canine UTI: ascending infection from feces | |
| Enterococcus spp (usually faecium): Vaccine? | None - normal intestinal flora | |
| Enterococcus spp (usually faecium): Virulence? | A-hemolytic | |
| Enterococcus spp (usually faecium): Transmission? | Normal intestinal flora | |
| Staphylococcus spp: Species? | Many | |
| Staphylococcus spp: Shape? | Gram + cocci; tend to be in clusters; coagulase + types more pathogenic (S. aureus, intermedius) | |
| Staphylococcus spp: Disease? | Chronic pyoderma | |
| Staphylococcus spp: Clinical? | Inflamed skin, pustules, abscess, suppuration | |
| Staphylococcus spp: Virulence? | Invasive enzymes (hyaluronidase, proteases, lipases, fibrinolytic enzymes); Cytolysins and leukotoxins can cause cell death (alpha-toxin); capsules and Protein A (an FcR) are antiphagocytic superantigens (TSS); urease contributes to phosphate uroliths | |
| Staphylococcus spp: Transmission? | Most infections are endogenous (commensals of the URT and skin of all warm blooded animals). Strains usually specific to a species (ecotypes) | |
| Staph aureus: Species? | Humans and many mammals | |
| Staph aureus: Disease? | Abscesses, mastitis, osteomyelitis, bumble-foot | |
| Staph delphini: Species? | Dolphins horses, camels, mink, domestic pigeons | |
| Staph intermedius: Species? | Wild pigeons | |
| Staph hyicus: Species? | Piglets | |
| Staph hyicus: Disease? | Exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease) | |
| Staph epidermidis: Types? | Synonym for coagulase negative staph types (less pathogenic) | |
| Staph epidermidis: Disease? | Infections from medical devices, subclinical bovine mastitis | |
| MRSA/MRSP: Species? | Many (MSRA usually human) | |
| MRSA/MRSP: Antibiotics? | NOT fluoroquinolone, ceftiofur, aminoglycoside (resistance risk factors); most MRSP resist trimethoprim, gentamicin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones (less resistant to tetracyline, chloramhenicol); produce B-lactamase | |
| MRSA/MRSP: Virulence? | MRSP has mecA resistance gene; MRSA has SCCmec (resistant to non-B-lactam antibiotics, gene is transferrable) | |
| Staph pseudintermedius: Species? | Dog (most common pyogenic agent) | |
| Staph pseudintermedius: Disease? | Pyoderma, infections of the respiratory tract, bones, joints, wounds, etc. | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Species? | Horse Sheep | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Shape? | Small, peomorphic Gram + rods (palisade = parallel; Chinese letters = sharp angles; club and fliamentous shaped) | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Disease (sheep/goats)? | Caseous lymphadenitis (chronic disease in sheep/goats). | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Disease (horses)? | Ulcerative lymphangitis (pigeon breast/fever, dryland distemper) in horses (exudate is odorless, thick , tan and blood tinged) - percarditis and pleuritis, folliculitis, facial cellulitis and panniculitis | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Clinical (sheep/goats)? | Multiple chronic abscesses resulting in debilitation, weight loss, poor production. Abscesses form in lymph nodes with onion-like concentric layers. Tissue necrosis. | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Clinical (horses)? | Deep abscesses in inguinal and pectoral regions. Abscesses form in lymph nodes with onion-like concentric layers. Tissue necrosis. | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Vaccine? | Toxoid vx for sheep/goats, variable protection from bacterins. No vx studies in horses. | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Virulence? | Toxic cell-wall lipid (protects from lysosome enzymes) induces intradermal hemorrhagic necrosis. Sphingomyelinase-specific phospholipase D (exotoxin) causes hemolysis, increased vascular permeability, and cytolysis | |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Transmission? | Colonizes skin and mm in lesions. Survives on exposed pen floor 10 days, in hay and bedding >1 year. Enters through abrasions, shearing wounds, insect bites (stable flies, horn flies, house flies. Contaminated fomites or soil) | |
| Strep suis: Transmission? | Some strains carried in healthy pigs (source of infection for piglets). Asymptomatic carriers source of infection for pen mates. Asymptomatic carriers can become ill with stress. |
Created by:
Chovenga
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