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VTT dentistry week 3
Home Care & Extractions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plaque | Biofilm (microorganisms) composed of bacteria by-products, saliva, oral debris and inflamed epithelial cells |
| Tartar | calculus, plaque turns into calculus after absorbing calcium from the saliva , this calcifies thus the term calculus |
| How/why could/would a patient develop periodontal disease? | Age, species, breed, genetics, diet, chewing/grooming habits, frequency of professional care, bacterial flora of oral cavity, patients health status, home care, orthodontic occlusion |
| What are the initial signs of periodontal disease? | Halitosis, gingival bleeding, bloody saliva/drool, not eating well or eating to one side, blood on toys, depressed/sitting over food bowl |
| What is a pocket? | diseased tissue, tartar invades the gingival sulcus causing separation of the tooth from the gum |
| What is the normal sulcus depth for a dog? | 1-3mm |
| What is the normal sulcus depth for a cat? | 0.5-1mm |
| Define periodontal disease | Plaque induced inflammatory lesions that affect the periodontium |
| What is the most common oral disease in cats and dogs? | periodontal disease |
| What is the primary cause of gingivitis and periodontitis? | Accumulation of plaque on the tooth's surfaces and localizes there, calculus is secondary factor |
| The degree of periodontal disease in the mouth is staged based on what??? | The worst tooth in the mouth (despite how healthy the rest of the teeth appear) |
| Healthy gingiva | vital tissue, bright pink with smooth/even gingiva from tooth to tooth (topography) |
| define topography | |
| Is gingivitis reversible?? | yes |
| is periodontitis reversible? | NO |
| Stage 1 gingivitis occurs after........ | 2-3 days of plaque accumulation |
| redness of gingiva, mild amount of plaque, possible gingival bleeding upon probing, mild to no radiographic change, changes seen from healthy gingiva | Stage 1 periodontal disease "Early gingivitis" |
| increase inflammation of gingiva, plaque/calculus, NO root exposure YET, slightly painful, mild gingival bleeding, irregular topography, bubble effect of gingival 2-3mm pockets | Stage 2 periodontal disease "early periodontitis" |
| moderate loss of bone attachment, moderate pocket formation (4-5mm) furcation exposure, gingival recession/abnormal topography, gingival bleeds easily, radiographs indicate bone loss at alveolar crest | Stage 3 periodontal disease "moderate periodontitis" |
| visible breaking down of periodontal tissues, severe inflammation, painful, gingiva bleeds readily, deep abnormal pocket formation, root exposure, bone loss, purulent discharge, periapical bone loss | Stage 4 periodontal disease "advanced periodontitis" |
| Periodontal disease is usually staged on 1-4 scale.... What would a stage 5 indicate? | SEVERE periodontal disease |
| less than 1mm of furcation exposure is classified as? | class 1 |
| Class 2 furcation exposure indicates what? | more than 1mm of furcation is exposed, but cannot pass through completely |
| Class 3 furcation exposure indicates what/ | complete furcation exposure, you can pass your probe through one side to the other |
| Where is the furcation located?? | the area where the tooth roots meet the crown |
| Define G-I-N-G-I-V-I-T-I-S | Inflammation of the gingival tissue |
| What types of toys and treats are appropriate? | you should be able to make an indent in the surface of the toy/chew with your fingernail, it should have some give, bend break etc... |
| What is the mechanical removal of plaque? | using a brush/gauze square etc.. |
| What is the chemical removal of plaque? | removing the plaque using an agent such as dentrifice, chlorhex rinse etc... |
| What does C.E.T stand for? | canine enzymatic toothpaste |
| What are some products made by C.E.T? | C.E.T dentrifice, C.E.T Hextra dental chews (in regular and petite size, C.E.T veggiedent chews, C.E.T water additive and chlorhexadine 012%rinse |
| What is the VOHC | Veterinary Oral Health Council |
| What does the VOHC do? | established to set protocols pertaining to veterinary oral health products, If a product has the VOHC stamp of approval it means they have been testes and proven effective |
| What is dentrifice? | toothpaste |
| How does chlorhexadine fight/inhibit the growth of plaque? | bactericidal and viralcidal. kills bacteria and viruses within the oral cavity, bind to the acquired pellicle for 24hrs inhibiting the growth of plaque |
| What is maxiguard? | Zinc Ascorbate |
| How /why is zinc used? | Zinc promotes healing, by stimulating collagen production... Maxiguard is used by applying a pea sized drop of the gel formula to each side of the mouth (of a cat) you would use slightly more for larger dogs and even more for large animals such as horses |
| How does fluoride benefit the dental patient? | Fluoride adheres to oral tissues and slowly releases, desensitizes teeth, strengthens enamel |
| exodontics | The dental specialty that deals with the extraction of the teeth |
| When are extractions necessary?? | When a tooth cannot be salvaged (either due to damage, clients inability to provide homecare, or a financial decision) |
| Who can do simple extractions?? | LVT |
| Who can do surgical extractions?? | in WA the LVT can, according to the AVDC only a DVM can do surgical extractions |
| What is the AVDC? | American Veterinary Dentistry College |
| What instruments are used for extractions?? | scalpel handle/blade, small needle holder/scissors, thumb forceps (brown-Adson/ rat tooth),periodontal elevators, extraction forceps, root tip pick, cross-cut bur, irrigation solution, bone implant material |
| What type of suture do you want to use when performing extractions??? | absorbable suture ex chromic gut (vicryl??) |
| What is the recommended technique for extractions? | periodontal ligament stretch |
| How is a single rooted tooth extracted?? | by using elevator, working around the circumference of the tooth to loosen/detach the periodontal ligament |
| How is a multi-rooted tooth extracted?? | by splitting the tooth at the furcation using a high speed bur, then proceeding as if it were a single root tooth |
| Vertical extraction | Elevator parallel to root, slow & steady pressure on each side 5-15 sec |
| Horizontal extraction | Elevator perpendicular to crown and tooth root, careful not to luxate the tooth |
| Single rooted teeth in canines | incisors, canines, first premolars105,205,305,405. mandibular molars 311, 411 |
| Single root teeth in felines | incisors, canines, maxillary premolars 106, 206 |
| What size blade is used to make mucosal gum flap? | 11 |
| premolar extractions | All except the first (105, 205, 305, 405) premolars, AND 108. 208 should be split between the furcation to the cusp |
| T- shaped cut used for which teeth? | maxillary first and second molars, 109, 110, 209, 210 |
Created by:
Adeprey4311
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