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plamt growth
plant growth chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| plant hormone | initiated biochemical activities resulting in observable physiological responses, stems are short thick and leaves are closely spaced |
| plant growth regulator | to excite, different from animal hormones in chemical structure, mode of synthases and function |
| etiolation | seedlings growin in the dark bear little resemblence to those reared in light, the tall thin colorlss stems of darkgrown plants support pale, undeveloped leaves |
| tropism | "turn" are growth responses to external stimuli |
| phototropism | substance causing stems to grow torward the light |
| auxin | hormone controlling phototropism "to increase" |
| IAA | indole-3- acetic acid produced in cells apical meristem and moves downward |
| IBA | |
| NAA | naphthalentric acid |
| Giberellin | growth of a stem internodes is promoted by another hormone; named after fungus |
| geotropism | roots and shoots grow in opposite directions , they reflect contrary to the earths gravitational pull. |
| positive geotropic | grow in the direction of gravity (roots) |
| negative geotropic | grow in the opposite direction of gravity (stems) |
| diageotropic | rhizome, and stolons, grow horizontally |
| thigmatropism | is the response to touch, seen in the ability of tendrils to grasp supportive objects |
| plagiotropic | branches from roots and stems developing from an angle from the vertical plant axis |
| nastic movements | stem tips seen to move in a wave side to side manner or move in a spiral manner rather than in a straight line |
| sensence | when a fruit ripen and undergo aging, the process cannot be stopped. |
| abscission | "to cut off"'; the controlled separation of leaves flowers, fruit from plants |
| ctyokinnin | primarily responsible for promoting cell divisions |
| Ethaleyne | used commercially to ripen fruits such as bananas that are picked green for shippment. |
| absccic acid | promoting dormancy in buds and nodes |
| absciccion zone | breakdown of chloroplasts and weakening of cell walls at the base of the petiole, in a narrow band of cells |
| "pre-harvest drop" | when many mature fruits fall on the ground |
| apical dominance | removing the stem periodically, to prevent the suppression of growth in the axillary buds |
| adventitious roots | roots arising in an unexpected position such as from a leaf |
| layering | vegetative propagation, modification using cutting techniques, encouraging of adventitious roots |
| defoliants | promote leaf abscission and are favored by cotton grower |
| disbudderes | cause flowers to abscise and are sprayed on them to get rid of the unwanted, immature and troublesome fruits |
| growth retardents | inhibit the action of giberillin on internode elongation adding to the plants qualitites and making them easier and cheaper to transport |
| herbicides | most often used as weed killers; some only destroy broad leaf species (2,4D) ,and others are selctive |
| chilling process | believed to stimulate synthases of a hormone, possibility giberillin needed for subsequent growth |
| vernalization | flowers formed in the spring as a result of the plant, or the seed, being given a cold treatment close to or at freezing temps |
| bolting | when a plant is left to winter, the plants make chemical preparations for the burst of stem growth leading the flower to development by late spring |
| photoperiodism | the response of plants to changing lengths of day and night |
| long-day plants | a plant flowering in response to day lengths exceeding its critical photoperiod |
| short-day plants | plants flowering in response to shorten day length than its critical photoperiod |
| day neutral species | simply flower after specific period of vegetative growth and are unaffected by day length |
| critical photoperiod | the length of the daily light period necessary for flowering |
| photochrome | pigment that plants, and some bacteria and fungi use to detect light |
| ripeness-to-flower | minimal vegetative size necessary to support the weight of blossoms and fruit and sufficient food reserves to supply the considerable demands of developing reproductive organs |
| juvenile | immature part of the tree is the upper portion, the lower is the mature portion |
| florigen | is the hypothesized hormone tube molecule responsible for controlling and triggering flowering in plants |
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Dirtbikes1234
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