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Anthropoloy
cultural Anthropology Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Culture | The learned behaviors and symbols that allow people to live in groups. The primary means by which humans adapt to their environments. They way pf life characteristic of particular human society. |
| Society | A group of people who depend on one another for survival or well-being as well as the relationships among such people, including their status and roles. |
| Indigenous societies | People who are now minority groups in state societies and have occupied their territories for a very long period of time. |
| Ethnography | The description of a society or culture. Ethnography refers to both the process of qualitative, fieldwork-based research and the written results of that research. |
| ethnocentrism | Judging other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture; the notion that one's own culture is more beautiful, rational, and nearer to perfection than any other. |
| Racism | The belief that some human populations are superior to others because of inherited, genetically transmitted characteristics. |
| Cultural relativism | The notion that cultures should be analyzed with reference to their own histories and values, in terms of the cultural whole, rather than according to the values of another culture. |
| Fieldwork | The firsthand, systematic exploration of a society. It involves living with a group of people and participating and observing their behaviors. |
| Participant Observation | The fieldwork technique that involves gathering cultural data by observing people's behavior and participating in their lives. |
| Emic | Examing a society using concepts and distinctions that are meaningful to members of that culture. |
| Etic | Examining societies using concepts, categories, and rules derived from science; an outsider's perspective that produces analyses that members of the society being studied may not find meaningful. |
| Empiricism | The practice of conducting studies through direct observation and objective description. |
| Enculturation | The process of learning to be a member of a particular culture group |
| Habitus | The often taken-for-granted ways of acting that are acquired through both individual and social experience. |
| Norm | A ideal cultural pattern that influences behavior in a society. |
| Value | A culturally defined idea of what is true, right, and beautiful. |
| Subculture | A system of perspective values, beliefs, and customs that are simnifically different from these of a larger, dominant culture within the same society. |
| Syntax | The part of grammar that has to do with the agreement of words to form phrases and sentences. |
| Semiotics | The study of the role of signs and symbols in communication and meaning. |
| Sign | Anything that can be used to communicate meaning. |
| Kinesics | The study of body position, movement, facial expressions, and gaze. |
| Substance Strategy | The way a society transforms enviromental resources into food. |
| Carrying Capacity | The number of people who can be sustained by the resources and environment in which they live. |
| Settlement Patterns | The way people distribute themselves in their environment . |
| Globalization | The integration of resources, labor and capital into global network. |
| Consumption | The use of substance resource, including outcomes of production. |
| Production | The system of extracting resources and utilizing labor and technology in oder to obtain food, goods, and services. |
| Redistributive networks | Economic systems in which food and goods a massed by an organized are distributed to community members at large public gatherings. |
| Market economy | Economic system in which products are traded in imprersonal exchanges between buyers and sellers using all-purpose currency. |
| Capitalism | An economic system in which people work for wages, land and capital goods are privately owned, and capital is invested in profit. |
| Capital | Productive resources that are used with the primary goal of increasing their owners financial wealth. |
| Kin | A group of people of common ancestry or one's relative. |
| Kindred | A kinship group consisting of known bilateral relatives with whom people interact, socialize, and rely on for economic and emotional assistance. |
| Marriage | The customs, rules, and obligations that establish a socially endorsed relationship between adults and children, and between the kin groups of the married partners. |
| Exogamy | A rule specifying that a person must marry outside a particular. |
| Endogamy | A rule prescribing that a person must marry within a particular group. |
| Sex | Biological differences between males and females. |
| Gender | Roles that people perform in their household and communities and value and attitude people have regarding men and women. |
| Gender identity | How people internalize and intact attitudes expectations that are associated with their gender. |
| Gender Equality | Behaviors, attitudes and rights that support autonomy of both men and women. |
| States | A hierarchial, centralized form of political organization in which a central government has a legal monopoly over the use of force. |
| Republics | President and prime minister elected for a set period of time. |
| Empires | States expanded into larger units through conquest and the occupation or annexation of new territories. |
| Ascribed status | A social position based entirely on birth. |
| Achieved status | A social position that is substantially based on life experiences. |
| Social Stratification | Division of society into two or more group (strata) that are hierarchy. |
| "Race" | A cultural category that groups people according to so called "racial" distinctions. |
| Ethnicity | A social category based on a complex mix of ancestry, culture, and self-identification-based on shared cultural heritage (language, religion, family, and household structure, preferences for clothing, and food; and gender perspective and world view). |
| What is cultural relativism and why is it important? | Cultural relatiivsm is the notion that cultures should be analyzed with refernce to their own history and its important because it helps understand that their is no races, the conception of race is culture, that its constructed not biological., |
| What are the four fields of Anthropolgy? | Biological Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology, Applied Anthropology, and cultural Anthropology. |
| What is language? What are the three key features of language? | The three key feature of language is symbolism. displacement, and productivity. |
| What is Capitalism? what are the three characteristics of capitalism? | Capitalism is tied to colonialism; growth of capitalism depends on the exploitation of land labor, natural resources, and raw materials. |
| Race has no genetic basis? True or False? | True |
| There are genetic markers that allow us to different human "races." True or False? | False |
| Race is_____construct. | Social and Cultural |
| Most Variation is within not between "races." True or False? | True |
| Which group has the least genetic variation? a.) humans b.) chimpanzees c.) penguins d.) fruit flies | Humans |
| Are people we call "white" more genetically alike, and people who we call "black" more genetically alike than both groups are to each other? Yes or No? | No |
| What continent do modern humans originate from? | Africa |
| ____% of human variation is between individuals within any local population. | 85% |
| What continent has the greatest human diversity? | Africa |
| Did the students in the film arrive at the conclusions they expected when they received the results of their DNA test? Yes or No? | No |
Created by:
baileythegr8
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