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APIII
Gastrointestinal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GI Tract | moves and digests food |
| Parts of the GI tract | Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestines Large Intestines Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Salivary Glands Rectum Anus |
| Teeth | tear, crush, and masticate food into digestible pieces |
| Tongue | moves masticated food to the back of the throat |
| Papillae | elevations on the tongue |
| Gloss/o Lingu/o | tongue |
| Or/o Stoma | mouth |
| Tonsil/o | tonsils |
| Gingiv/o | gums |
| Sali/o | saliva |
| What is the normal physiology of the mouth? | smooth surfaces, light pink, 2 second CRT, teeth are shade of white with no tartar |
| What is abnormal physiology of the mouth? | gingivitis, plaque, tartar, epuli, tumors, stomatitis, ulcers |
| Pharynx (throat) | the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and GI system |
| Esophagus | tube attached from the mouth to the stomach that carries masticated food to the stomach |
| Strictures | places along the esophagus where the diameter is smaller than normal |
| Megaesophagus | pockets in the esophagus where its larger than normal |
| Stomach | released enzymes and contracts to chemically and mechanically digest food |
| What 4 enzymes are released by the stomach? | HCL, Pepsin, Intrinsic Factor, Gastrin |
| HCL | stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) |
| Pepsin | breaks down protein |
| Intrinsic Factor | helps absorb B12 vitamin |
| Gastrin | stimulates stomach to release HCL |
| 3 portions of the stomach | fundus, body, pylorus |
| Pyloris | sphincter that keeps food in and lets food out of the stomach |
| Duodenum | first portion of the small intestine |
| Jejunum | second portion of the small intestine |
| Ileum | end portion of the small intestine |
| what are the 4 parts of the large intestine? | cecum, colon, rectum, anus |
| Cecum | serves as a fermentation chamber in large animals |
| Colon | where most of the reabsorbtion of water happens, secrete bicarbonate and potassium, and contains pre/pro biotic bacteria |
| Peritoneum | membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavity and some of the organs in that area. |
| Mesentary | keeps intestinal tract from twisting, supplys blood, lymps and nerves to the intestinal tract |
| Omentum | sheet of fat that gives a protective layer for the abdominal cavity and organs` |
| Liver | cleanses blood regulates fuel manufactures proteins regulates hormones regulates cholesteral regulates vitamines and minerals produces bile |
| Liver Failure | inability for the body to eliminate toxins. 80% must die for liver failure to occure |
| Jaundice | staining of blood and tissues yellow |
| Ascites | build up of fluid in the abdomin |
| Gallbladder | holding area for bile |
| Pancreas | produces hormones (insulin, glucagon) and delivers digestive enzymes to the small intestine (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) |
| Trypsin | helps protein digestion |
| Lipase | helps fat digestion |
| Amylase | helps starch digestion |
| Pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| 4 clinical sins of pancreatitis | vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, fever |
| what are the 4 salivary glands? | mandibular, zygomatic, parotid, and sublingual |
| what digestive enzyme are animals lacking in their saliva that humans have? | lipase |
| Saliva | serves to moisten food, aids in digestion and cleanses mouth |
| how do cats and dogs sweat? | through panting and their pads |
| Paristalsis | series of wavelike contractions that move ingesta |
| Segmentation | involes side to side mixing of ingesta |
| Saliva is made of what? | water, mucus, and enzymes |
| Digestion | breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use |
| Absorption | the process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system |
Created by:
em.boudreau
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