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Nutrients
VETT 130 small animal nutrients and nutrition
| Nutrient | Substance derived from food that is used by the body to carry out all of its normal functions. |
| Essential Nutrients | A select group of nutrients that cannot be manufactured in the body from the "building-block" molecules. |
| Non-essential Nutrients | Nutrients that can be synthesized from other sources - (the nutrient can be produced within the organism) Example: |
| The 6 Categories of Nutrients | 1. Water .... 2. Carbohydrates ... 3. Lipids 4. Proteins... 5. Vitamins ..... 6. Minerals |
| Amount of Water body Needs | Healthy inactive animal - 2.5 ml/kg/hr or 60 ml/kg/day |
| Mammals consist of what percent of water in the body? | 70% Newborns - 75 to 80% and Adults - 50 to 60% |
| A loss of what percent of body water would be fatal without immediate attention? | 15% |
| A loss of what percent of body water can cause serious illness in most mammals? | 10% |
| What percentage of dehydration will show no detectable clinical signs? | < 5% |
| What percentage of dehydration will show clinical signs where the skin being slightly inelastic and doughy? | 5 to 7% |
| What percentage of dehydration will show clinical signs where the skin that has lost elasticity; gums are tacky; eyes are slightly sunken in; animal is subdued | 8 to 9% |
| What percentage of dehydration will show clinical signs where the skin remains "tented" when pinched; eyes are sunken in orbits; gums are dry; capillary refill time of blanched gums is delayed; animal is depressed and weak. | 10 to 12% |
| What percentage of dehydration will show clinical signs where the animal is recumbent and in shock; and death is imminent? | 12 to 15% |
| What is the formula for estimating the amount of replacement fluids? | Body weight (kg) x % Dehydration x 1000 = Fluid deficit (ml) |
| What is the formula for Total Fluid Needs? | TF(total fluids) = RF(replacement fluids) + MF(maintenance fluids) + OF (ongoing fluid losses) |
| The amount of fluid loss is often __________ what you might think. | " twice " If dog vomits 50 ml of fluid, actual loss closer to 100 ml |
| Water is involved in almost all metabolic processes in the body, both intracellular and extracellular. What are some of it's main functions? | Lubricant for body tissues, circulatory and transport medium, chemical reactant in digestion(hydrolysis), temperature regulation (sweating, panting), and biochemical reactant of metabolism involved in growth, repair, and maintenance of cells. |
| Which nutrients provide energy for the body? | Carbohydrates Fats Proteins |
| Of the 3 energy-producing nutrients, which provides about 2.5 as much energy per gram as the other 2 | |
| What is the most important nutrient? Why? | Oxygen - animal life would cease rapidly without it |
| What are the building blocks for protein? | Amino Acids |
| What is the composition of proteins? | |
| What percentage range is a cell's mass composed of proteins? | 10 to 30% |
| What are the essential amino acids? | Tryptophan, Methionine, Valine, Threonine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Histidine, Arginine, Taurine, Glycine |
| What are the dietary sources of protein? | Meat, eggs, dairy, soy, cereals, rice, nuts and legumes(protein rich, but not complete) |
| What are the functions of protein? | Building critical structural material like collagen Cell function like with enzymes and hormones Contractile proteins enable muscles cells to move |
| What is "crude" protein? | It is the percentage of protein calculated in a feed based on protein sources which could include meat protein, grain protein or other protein. |
| What does "biological protein" in feed mean? | Biological protein is the amount of absorbable protein that is available for productive body functions - the amount of amino acids available for metabolic processes. |
| What effect does heating food have on proteins? | It denatures proteins. |
| What is an essential amino acid required by cats? | Taurine |
| What food source provides Taurine in a cat's diet? | Meat and fish |
| The energy content of proteins is... | |
| What are the 3 major categories for carbohydrates? | Sugars Starches Cellulose |
| What dietary sources are sugars derived from? | Fruits, sugar cane, honey, milk, and sugar beets monosaccharides and disaccharides |
| What dietary sources are starches derived from? | Grains, root vegetables, and legumes polysaccharides |
| What dietary is cellulose derived from? | Found in most vegetables polysaccharides |
| What is the primary function of carbohydrates? | To provide energy for body functions. |
| What is considered to be the main fuel for the body? | ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate |
| What is the difference between soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in dogs and cats? | |
| Where does glucose come from? | Glucose is derived from the body "breaking down" carbohydrates. |
| What cells of the body rely almost exclusively on glucose for their energy needs? | Red blood cells and neurons |
| Where is glucose stored and in what form? | Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver. |
| What is does Vitamin K help the body do? | Allows blood clotting protein formation. |
Created by:
shasta05
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