Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Respiratory System
VHA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nasal Cavity | site of inhalation and exhalation |
| Mouth | site of inhalation and exhalation |
| Pharynx | back of the throat where nasal and oral cavities meet |
| Epiglottis | tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea |
| Larynx | functions to produce sound and move air |
| Diaphragm | major muscle of breathing |
| Esophagus | muscular tube connecting pharynx and stomach |
| Tarchea | ringed tube for passage of air |
| Lung | organ of breathing |
| Heart | muscle responsible for blood circulation |
| Bronchi | function to move air through the alveoli |
| Cartilage ring | ring that holds open the trachea |
| Bronchus | functions to move air to the alveoli |
| Bronchiole | same as bronchus |
| Alveoli | grape-like clusters where gas exchange in the lungs takes place |
| Main job of the respiratory system | Bring O2 into the body and carry CO2 out |
| The body needs O2 why? | to burn nutrients and produce energy |
| The byproduct of energy producing reactions | CO2 |
| The respiratory system works with what other system | Cardiovascular system |
| How many kinds of respiration are there | 2 |
| External respiration occurs | In the lungs |
| Explain external respiration | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air inhaled into the lungs and blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries |
| Internal respiration occurs | all over the body |
| Explain internal respiration | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the capillaries and the tissues and cells of the body |
| Secondary Functions of the respiratory system | Voice production, body temperature regulation, acid-case balance regulation, sense of smell |
| Voice production | AKA phonation; begins in the larynx; vocal cords vibrate as air passes them causing the basic sounds |
| Body Temperature regulation | Blood vessels under the epithelium of the nasal passages helps warm the air inhaled before it reaches the lungs; helps avoid hypothermia |
| Panting | Cools off an animal; causes increased evaporation of the fluid from the lining of the respiratory passages and mouth which in turn, cools the blood |
| Acid-Base balance | Important homeostatic mechanism; control the body's PH (low=more acidic, high=more alkaline). Respiratory system regulates PH levels by controlling the CO2 in the blood. |
| The more CO2 in the blood, | The lower the PH |
| How does the respiratory system alter the CO2 in the blood | By adjusting how much and how fast air is breathed in and out |
| Sense of Smell | AKA olfactory sense; receptors for sense of smell are located in the nasal passages |
| Name the two tracts of the respiratory system | Upper and Lower |
| Upper respiratory tract | all structures outside of the lungs |
| Lower respiratory tract | all structures within the lungs |
| Name the parts of the Upper Respiratory Tract | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea |
| Functions of the larynx | voice production, prevents foreign materials from being inhaled, controls airflow to and from the lungs |
| Endotracheal Intubation | Clinical procedure where tube is inserted through the glottis and down into the trachea |
| Laryngoscope | Used to visualize placement of endotracheal tube |
| Laryngospasm | When a cat's glottis is touched and slams shut |
| Aspiration Pneumonia | Inflammatory condition produced by inhalation of foreign material |
| Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia | Give liquid meds orally at a slow controlled rate to allow animal to swallow; use proper sized tube and inflate the tube |
| Area where trachea splits | Bifurcation |
| Where does tracheal bifurcation happen | The base of the heart |
| What is the trachea made up of | fibrous tissue and smooth muscle held open by cartilage rings, lined with ciliated epithelium |
| What does the cilia do in the trachea | Moves unwanted substances up the trachea to the pharynx where they can be swallowed. Mucous production facilitates the transport and irritates the lining of the trachea to stimulate coughing |
| Collapsing Trachea | Seen in small and overweight dogs, unknown cause; Space between the rings is wider than normal so when dog inhales, the smooth muscle gets sucked down into the lumen of the trachea and blocks. Causes dry honking cough and dyspnea |
| Structures in the lower respiratory tract | Starts with the bronchi, ends with alveolar, and includes all passages in between. Other than the two main bronchi, the structures are inside the lungs |
| Nostrils | Nares |
| Stenotic nares | narrow nasal passages |
| Septum | separation between left and right nasal passages |
| Palates | separates nasal passages from mouth |
| Turbinates | Bones in the nasal passages |
| Hairs in the nasal passages | Cilia |
| Main function of the nasal passages | Condition inhaled air |
| How are sinus cavities named | Named for the bone housing it |
| What is sinusitis and what causes it | inflammation caused by debris |
| Medical term for throat | pharynx |
| Throat is the common passageway for what two body systems | digestive and respiratory |
| Which is easier for the pharynx to perform | breathing |
| Fight or flight response causes what in bronchi | Dilates to allow maximum air exchange |
| Bronchodialator | widens the bronchi |
| Bronchoconstrictor | narrows the bronchi |
| Hilus | Only area of the lung that is fastened in place |
| Lobes | divisions of the lungs |
| Mediastinum | Area between the lungs in the thorax |
| Bronchial Tree | air passages from bronchi to alveolae, divide into smaller passages, bronchi subdivide into bronchioles |
| Bronchioles subdivide into | microscopic alveolar sacs |
| What controls bronchi | autonomic nervous system controls the smooth muscle which controls bronchi |
| Smooth muscles in bronchi function how | relaxes during fight or flight allowing airways to dilate to let the greatest amount of air pass back and forth. In relaxed time, the smooth muscle constricts to reduce the airways to normal size |
| Asthma | Inhaled irritants cause severe bronchoconstriction making it hard to breathe; in asthma the bronchial tree becomes overly sensitive to irritants. Most commonly seen as an allergic reaction |
| Symptoms of asthma | wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, cyanosis, panicked attempts to breathe air |
| Lungs | Two lungs together, cone shaped; each has a base, apex and convex lateral surface. Base lies on diaphragm |
| How many lobes do lungs have | Left has two, right has 4 (Horses have no lobes) |
| Partial vacuum | within the thorax, pulls the lungs tightly against the thoracic wall |
| Pulmonary circulation | Blood supply to and from the lungs |
| Pulmonary artery in the heart | From which blood enters the lungs; very dark, contains mostly CO2 and little O2; |
| Name two LRI | pneumonia, bronchitis |
| Thorax | Thoracic cavity or chest cavity |
| Pluera | thin lining inside thoracic cavity and covers organs & structures |
| Two types of pleura | Visceral-covers organs Parietal-covers cavity |
| Name the contents of the thorax | heart, large blood vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, trachea, esophagus, lymphatic vessels |
| Diaphragm | Thin sheet of muscle tat forms the caudal boundary of the thoracic cavity. When it contracts, it flattens and allows enlargement of the volume of the thorax to help with inhalation |
| Pneumothorax | The presence of free air in the thorax |
| Lung Collapse | Caused by air leaking into the thoracic cavity between the walls and the lungs. The vacuum becomes compromised and the lung falls away (collapses) because nothing is holding it in place |
| Causes of collapsed lung | Air coming from outside (wound in thorax) or the lung itself is ruptured |
| Treatment of pneumothorax | Removal of air using chest tube or syringe and needle |
| Cough | Productive (expels fluid/mucous). Usually helpful Non-productive (dry cough) not helpful and usually treated with antitussive cough suppresants |
| Sneezing | Bursts of air directed through the nose and mouth in an attempt to expel irritants |
| Yawning | Slow, deep breath taken through wide open mouth; may be stimulated by slight decrease in O2, or boredom/sleepiness |
| Sighing | Closed mouth, slightly deeper breath. Can be corrective to regulate O2 and CO2 levels. Serves to expend the lungs |
| Hiccups | Spasmotic contractions of the diaphragm accompanied by closure of the glottis. Usually harmless, sometimes associated with nerve irritations, indigestion, CNS damage |
| Breathing is controlled by | respiratory centre of the medula oblongota in the brain |
| 2 ways breathing is controlled | Mechanical and chemical |
| Mechanical control | sets the baseline respiratory rate and depth; operates through receptors in the lungs that send nerve impulses to respiratory centre; maintains normal resting rhythmic breathing |
| Chemical control | Monitors the blood and affects breathing if something gets out of control |
| 3 characteristics that are important to control of breathing | CO2 content, PH, O2 content |
| Hypercapnia | excessive CO2 in the blood |
| Hypocapnia | decreased CO2 in the blood |
| Bagging | manual control of an anesthetized patient's breathing by squeezing and releasing the bag on the machine; usually causes hyperventilation to release excess CO2 |
| When you stop bagging | The decreased CO2 level will cause patient to stop breathing. This causes the CO2 level to come back to normal and the patient should begin breathing again |
| Hypoxia | Low blood oxygen level |
| What happens in hypoxia | the neurons cannot send impulses to the respiratory muscles resulting in a decrease or stoppage in breathing |
| Acidosis | Decreased ventilation causes increased CO2 levels in the blood |
| Alkalosis | Increased ventilation leads to decreased levels of CO2 in the blood |
| Acidic | too much C)2=lower ph |
| Alkaline | too little CO2=higher ph |
| Low or High blood ph can result in | metabolic acidosis or alkalosis |
| Auscultation | act of listening, usually with stethascope |
| Bubbling | sound of popping bubbles that suggests fluid accumulation |
| Crepitation | crackling noises indicative of collapsed or fluid filled alveoli |
| Decreased lung sounds | less or no sound of air movement |
| Rhonchi | high pitched whistling during inspiration (wheezing) |
| Stridor | snoring, squeaking, whistling that suggests airway narrowing |
| Laryngoscopy | visual examination of voice box |
| Percussion | tapping different areas of the body to differentiat between air and fluid presence |
| Thoracocentesis | puncture with needle of the thoracic cavity to obtain fluid from the lung |
| Tracheal wash | collection of fluid/mucous from the trachea via e. tube |
| Transtracheal wash | sterile collection of fluid/mucous from trachea via a catheter through the skin |
| Trephination | Boringa hole into a sinus to establish drainage or to access roots of the teeth |
| Anoxia | absence of oxygen |
| Asphyxiation | |
| Aspiration | inhalation of foreign substance in URT |
| Atelectasis | incomplete expansion of alveoli in the lungs |
| Bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| Cyanosis | abnormal blue discolouration caused by lack of oxygen |
| Epistaxis | nose bleed |
| Hemothorax | Blood in the thoracic cavity |
| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngoplegia | paralysis of the voice box |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of throat |
| Phonation | act of producing sound |
| Laryngospasm | sudden fluttering or closure of voice box |
| Aphonation | inability to produce sound |
| Pleural Effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
| Effusion | fluid escaping from blood/lymph vessels into tissues |
| Pleuritis | Inflammation of the pleura |
| Pneumonia | abnormal lung condition involving inflammation and congestion |
| Pulmonary Edema | accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
| Pyothorax | accumulation of pus in the thoracic cavity |
| Rhinitis | inflammation of nasal mucous membranes |
| Mucopurolent | containing mucous and pus |
| Rhinorrhea | nasal discharge |
| Tracheitis | inflammation of windpipe |
| Tracheobronchitis | inflammation of trachea and bronchi |
| Chest tube placement | hollow device inserted into thoracic cavity to remove fluid or gas |
| Endotracheal intubation | passage of tube through the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and trachea to provide airway |
| Patent | open, unobstructed |
| Laryngectomy | surgical removal of larynx |
| Laryngoplasty | surgical repair of larynx |
| Lobectomy | surgical removale of lung lobe |
| Pharyngoplasty | surgical repair of throat |
| Pharyngostomy | surgically create an opening into the throat |
| Stoma | naturally occuring or surgically created opening in the body |
| Pneumonectomy | surgical removal of lung tissue |
| Sinusotomy | surgical incision into sinus |
| Thorarotomy | surgical incision into chest wall |
| Tracheoplasty | surgical repair of windpipe |
| Tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening in the windpipe |
| Stenotic nares | narrow nasal passages |
| Functions of the nasal passage | House the receptors for smell, warm/filter/humidify air |
| Nasal Sinuses | outpouches of the nasal passages contained within certain skull bones |
| How many sinuses do animals have | 2 frontal and 2 maxillary |
| Sinusitis | nasal sinus passages become plugged with fluid and inflammatory debris |
Created by:
Libelle
Popular Veterinary sets