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2015- A & M-Term
Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anaesthesia: | the loss of sensation in part or all of the body, induced by the administration of a drug that depresses the activity of nerves either locally (i.e. peripheral nerves) or generally (i.e. the brain or central nervous system). |
| General anaesthesia: | state of unconsciousness produced by controlled reversible intoxication of the CNS in which there is decreased sensitivity to stimuli from the environment and diminished motor response to such stimuli. |
| Anaesthetic agent: | substance which produces controllable loss of consciousness and absence of motor response to noxious stimuli. |
| Analgesia: | abolition or diminution of the awareness of pain. Analgesic: substance which abolishes or reduces awareness of pain. |
| Extubate: | to remove an endotracheal tube from the patients’ airway. This is normally done in the recovery phase of anaesthesia, once the patient has regained normal control of the airway. |
| Intubate: | to pass an endotracheal tube into the patients’ trachea. |
| Induction agent: | an anaesthetic agent which produces unconsciousness when administered to the patient. |
| Local anaesthesia: | a loss of sensation in a part of the body induced by administering a drug that depresses the activity of nerves supplying that area. |
| Local anaesthetic: | a substance which when applied about the nerve terminals or nerve fibres temporarily prevents conduction of nerve impulses including sensory and motor fibres. |
| Neuroleptanalgesia: | state produced by the administration of a sedative plus an opioid analgesic i.e. sedation plus analgesia. Each component enhances the effect of the other component. |
| Opioid: | substance which produces analgesia and decreased awareness of pain by binding to specific opioid receptors in the brain and the spinal cord. |
| Sedative: | agent used to calm a subject. These agents usually cause drowsiness. The terms tranquillizer, hypnotic and ataractic are often used interchangeably. |
| Arrhythmia: | abnormal or irregular heart rhythm, sometimes called dysrhythmia |
| Bradycardia: | abnormally slow heart rate Cardiac/cardio: referring to the heart e.g. cardiovascular system |
| Cardiac output: | the volume or amount of blood pumped to the tissues by the heart per minute. Normally measured in litres per minute, and is a product of the heart rate (HR) multiplied by the stroke volume (SV). |
| Diastole: | the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. The pumping chambers of the heart fill with blood during this phase. |
| Hypertension: | abnormally high blood pressure |
| Hypotension: | abnormally low blood pressure |
| Hypovolaemia: | abnormally low circulating blood volume |
| Myocardium: | cardiac tissue, the muscular wall of the heart Perfusion: the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products of metabolism from these tissues |
| Pericardium: | the thin fibrous sac surrounding the heart Stroke volume: the amount of blood ejected by a single beat of the ventricle |
| Systole: | the contraction or pumping phase of the cardiac cycle |
| Tachycardia: | abnormally high heart rate |
| Vasoconstriction: | constriction of the muscular walls of the blood vessels resulting in a reduction in intravascular volume |
| Vasodilation: | relaxation of the muscular walls of the blood vessels resulting in an increase in intravascular volume |
Created by:
Melissa Jones
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