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Bio Ch 2 Terms
Penn Foster Bio Ch 2 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and to lower its pH numerically |
| Atom | smallest partcile of an element that displays the properties of the element |
| Atomic Mass | mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons w/I the nucleus |
| Atomic Number | number of protons w/I the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Symbol | one or two letters that represent the name of an element |
| Base | molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and raise thepH numerically |
| Buffer | "substance or group of substance that tends to resis pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity" |
| Compound | substance having two or more different elements united chemically in a fixed ratio |
| Covalent Bone | chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electorns |
| Electron | negative subatomic particle moving about in an energy level around the nucleus of an atom |
| Electronegativity | ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond |
| Electron Shell | concentric energy levels in which electrons orbit |
| Element | substance that cannot be broken down into substance with different properties |
| Hydrogen Bond | weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule |
| Hydrogen Ion | hydrogen atom that has lost its electron and therefore bears a positive charge |
| Hydrophilic | type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and/or by forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules |
| Hydrophobic | type of molecule that does not interact with water because it is nonpolar |
| Hydroxide Ion | one of two ions that result when a water molecule dissociates |
| Ion | charged particle that carries a negative or positive charge |
| Ionic Bond | chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges |
| Isotope | atom of the same element having the same atomic number but a different mass number due to the number of neutrons |
| Matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Molecule | union of two or more atoms of the same element |
| Neutron | "neutral subatomic particle, located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit" |
| Nucleus | "center of an atom, in which protons and neutrons are found" |
| Octet Rule | states that an atom other than hydrogen tends to form bonds until it has electrons in its outer shell |
| pH | a logarithmic meausre of the hydrogen ion concentration |
| pH Scale | measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration |
| Polar | bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is unequal |
| Product | substance that forms as a result of a reaction |
| Proton | positive subatomic particle located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit |
| Reactant | substance that participates in a reaction |
| Salt | compound produced by a reaction between an acid and a base |
| Tracer | substance having an attached radioactive isotope that allows a researcher to track its whereabouts in a biological system |
| Valence Shell | outer shell of an atom |
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