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Bio Ch 1 Terms
Penn Foster Bio Ch 1 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | "organism's modification in structure, function, or behavior suitable to the environment" |
| Animal | "multicellular, heterotrophic organism belonging to the animal kingdom" |
| Binomial Name | "scientific name of an organism, the 1st part of which designates the genus, and the 2nd part of which designates the specific epithet" |
| Biodiversity | "total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live" |
| Bioethics | the branch of ethics concerned with the development and implementation of biological technology |
| Biology | scientific study of life |
| Biosphere | "zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which organisms are found" |
| Cell | smallest unit that displays the properties of life |
| Class | a taxa used to group species; above order |
| Community | assemblage of populations interacting with one another in the same environment |
| Conclusion | statement made following an experiment as to whether/not the result supported the hypothesis |
| Control Group | sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the experimental variable being tested |
| Data | facts/info collected through observation and/or experimentation |
| Domain | largest taxa used by taxonomists to groups species |
| Domain Archea | "1 or 3 domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics." |
| Domain Bacteria | "1 or 3 domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that differ from Archea because they have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics" |
| Domain Eukarya | 1 or 3 domains of life; consisting of organism with eukaryotic cells and further classified into kingdoms |
| Ecosystem | biological community together with associated abiotic environment |
| Energy | capacity to do work and bring about change |
| Evolution | "descent of organisms from common ancestors, with the development of genetic and phenotypic changes over time that make them more suited to the environment" |
| Experiment | series of actions undertaken to collect data with which to test a hypothesis |
| Experimental Design | artificial situation devised to test hypothesis |
| Experimental Variable | a condition of an experiment that is deliberately changed |
| Extinction | total disappearance of a species/ higher group |
| Family | one of the taxa used by taxonomist to group species; above genus |
| Fungus | saprotrophic decomposer |
| Gene | unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes |
| Genus | taxa used to categorize species; contain those most closely related through evolution |
| Homeostasis | maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms |
| Hypothesis | supposition established by reasoning after consideration of available evidence |
| Inductive Reasoning | using specific observation and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis |
| Kingdom | taxa used to categorize species; above phylum |
| Law | principle |
| Metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell during growth and repair |
| Model | simulation of a process; a hypothesis that describes how a particular process might be carried out |
| Multicellular | organism composed of many cells |
| Natural Selection | mechanism of evolution caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce |
| Observation | step in the scientific method by which data are collected before a conclusion is drawn |
| Order | taxa used to categorize species; above the family level |
| Organ | combo of 2/more different tissues performing a common function |
| Organism | individual living thing |
| Organ System | group of related organs working together |
| Photosynthesis | process occurring usually w/I chloroplasts whereby chlorophyll-containing organelles trap solar energy |
| Phylum | taxa used to categorize species; above the class level |
| Placebo | treatment that contains no medication but appears to be same treatment as that administered to other test groups in a controlled study |
| Plant | "multicellular, usually photosynthetic, organism belonging to the plant kingdom" |
| Population | group of interbreeding individuals of the of the same species occupying the same area at the same time |
| Principle | theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists |
| Protest | member of kingdom Protista |
| Reproduce | to produce a new individual of the same kind |
| Scientific Theory | "concept supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data" |
| Species | groups of similarly constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring |
| Systematics | study of the diversity of organisms to classify them and determine their evolutionary relationships |
| Taxonomy | "branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms" |
| Technology | application of scientific knowledge for a practical purpose |
| Test Group | "in a controlled experiment, the group subjected to the experimental variable" |
| Tissue | group of similar cells combined to perform a common function |
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