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AP
Skeletal System, Cells and Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the three functions of the skeletal system | 1)forms the framework that supports and protects the body 2)function to form blood cells 3)stores and releases mineral such as calcium |
| the skeletal system consists of | bone, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons |
| what are the five connective tissues | bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, muscle |
| joints aid in | body movement |
| cartilage protects | the ends of the bones where they contact each other |
| bone is one of the __________ tissues in the body | hardest |
| oste/o, oss/e, and oss/i mean | bone |
| the formation of bone from fibrous tissue is known as | ossification |
| normal bones go through continuous processes of building up and breaking down throughout a lifetime. This process allows bone to | heal and repair itself |
| bone is composed of cells embedded in a substance called | matrix |
| what are osteoblasts | cells that produce bone |
| what are osteocytes | mature osteoblasts |
| what are osteoclasts | breakdown and remove bone from where it is not needed |
| what are the three types of bone cells | osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts |
| function of bone? | support, protection, leverage, and storage |
| 2 main types of bone within the body | cancellous bone and compact bone |
| what is the periosteum? | the membrane covering the outer surface of bones |
| what is the endosteum? | lines the hollow interior surfaces of the bone |
| what is cancellous bone? | spongy bone |
| where is cancellous bone found? | found in the ends and inner portions of long bones |
| what is cortical bone? | compact bone |
| where is cortical bone found? | makes up the shafts of long bones and outside layer of all bones |
| what s the nutrient foramina? | large channels that allow large blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves to enter long bones |
| large vessels primarily carry blood in and out of the | bone marrow |
| bone marrow comes in two basic types | red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow |
| what is the function of red bone marrow | produces red blood cells, white blood cells and clotting cells |
| where is red bone marrow found? | in the cancellous bone |
| yellow bone marrow is found in | the medullary or inner space of bone |
| yellow bone marrow consists primarily of | dipose connective tissue or fat |
| bone is formed in the body by one of what two functions? | endochondrial bone formation and intramembranous bone formation |
| what is endochondrial bone formation? | grows into and replaces a cartilage model |
| what is intramembranous bone formation? | develops from fibrous tissue membranes |
| What are the six classifications of bone? | 1) long bone 2) short bone 3) flat bone 4) irregular bone 5) sesamoid bone 6) pneumatic bone |
| what is an example of a long bone? | femur (most bones of the limbs) |
| what is an example of a short bone? | carpal or tarsal bones |
| what is an example of flat bone? | scapula, skull, or pelvic bones |
| what is an example of irregular bone? | vertebrae |
| what is an example of sesamoid bone? | patella |
| what is an example of pneumatic bone? | frontal bone |
| epiphysis | wide end of long bone |
| diaphysis | shaft of long bone |
| physis | cartilage segment of long bone |
| metaphysis | wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis |
| periosteum | tough fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone |
| endosteum | tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity |
| what is another name for articular surfaces? | joint surfaces |
| condyle | large, round articular surface |
| head | somewhat spherical articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone |
| facet | flat articular surface |
| processes | all the lumps, bumps and other projections of a bone |
| foramen | a hole in a bone |
| fossa | depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone |
| cartilage | a form of connective tissue that is more flexible and elastic then bone, does not contain nerves. |
| what are joints? | connections between bones |
| synarthrosis | immovable |
| ampharthroses | slightly movable |
| diarthroses/synovial | freely movable |
| synovial membrane | produces synovial fluid which lubricate the joints |
| what is an example of a hinge joint? | knee, elbow |
| what is an example of a gliding joint? | carpus |
| what is an example of a pivot joint? | connection between neck and head |
| what is an example of a ball and socket joint? | shoulder, hip |
| Where is the saddle joint? Who has one? | Thumb, only in primates |
| liaments | connective tissue that join bones to bones |
| bursa | fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement |
| tendons | attach muscle to bone |
| function of the axial skeleton? | protects major organs |
| what does the axial skeleton consist of? | skull, hyoid bones, spine, ribs and sternum |
| what does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | the extremities, shoulder and pelvis |
| what is the visceral skeleton? | bones formed in soft organs, like the heart of cattle and sheep, penis of dogs, beavers, walruses and racoons and in the snout of pigs |
| the cranium is made up of ___ bones | 11 |
| the three bones in the ear are called _______ and consist of the ____________, ________________ and the _______________ | ossicles, hammer, anvil and stirrup |
| tympanic membrane | eardrum |
| what is the top part of the jaw called? | maxilla |
| what is the lower portion of the jaw called? | mandible |
| what are the 5 regions of the spinal column? | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
| first vertebrae C1 | atlas |
| second vertebrae C2 | axis |
| how many cervical vertebrae do mammals have? | 7 |
| how many thoracic vertebrae do canine and felines have? | 13 |
| how many lumbar vertebrae do canines and felines have? Equines and bovines? | 7 and 6 |
| how many sacral vertebrae do canines and felines have? equine and bovine? | 3 and 5 |
| what are the coccygeal bones? | tail bones |
| how many coccygeal bones do canines and felines have? equine? bovine? | canine and feline 6-23 equine 15-21 bovine 18-20 |
| what is the breastbone called? | sternum |
| the front limbs consist of what bones? (from most proximal point to most distal point) | scapula, humorous, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bons, phalanges |
| what is the shoulder blade called? | scapula |
| what is the collar bone called? | clavical |
| phalanges make up the | digits |
| the rear limbs consist of what bones? (from most proximal point to most distal point) | femur,tibia,fibula,tarsals,metatarsals and phalanges |
| what three bones make up the pelvis? | ilium,ischium, and pubis |
| aperture | opening |
| canal | tunnel |
| eminence | surface projection |
| facet | smooth area |
| lamina | thin, flat plate |
| malleolus | rounded projection |
| meatus | passage or opening |
| process | projection |
| ramu | branch or smaller structure given off by larger structure |
| sinus | space or cavity |
| sulcu | groove |
| suture | seam |
| trochanter | broad flat projection on femur |
| trochlea | pulley shaped structure in which other structures pass or articulate |
| tubercle | small, rounded surface projection |
Created by:
em.boudreau
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