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Entomology Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Molting | the periodic formation of new cuticle of greater surface area and the shedding of the old cuticle |
| Ecydysis | the process of casting off the old cuticle during molting |
| Eclosion | the emergence of an adult inset from its pupal case, or the hatching of an insect from an egg |
| Instar | the growth stage, or form of the insect between two successive molts |
| Metamorphosis | the relatively abrupt change in body form and physiology between the immature and adult stages |
| Amemtabolous | no metamorphosis; immatures differ from adults only in size and reproductive maturity; most species have indeterminante growth |
| Hemimetabolous | incomplete metamorphosis; immatures called nymphs; changes gradually through instars; determinate growth; wings develop externally |
| Holometabolous | complete metamorphosis; immatures called larva; wings develop internally; determinate growth |
| Polypod larva | cylindrical body with short thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs |
| Oligopod larva | thoracic legs only |
| Apod larva | lack true legs, worm-like |
| Pupation | the molt into the pupa instar (becoming a pupa) |
| Exarate pupa | appendages not closely appressed to body |
| Obtect pupa | appendages are appressed to body; cuticle often heavily sclerotized |
| Voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine | -the number of generations per year -1 generation per year -2 generations per year -3 or more generations per year |
| Factors for species richness? | small size, metamophosis, wing development modified appendages, short generation time & high genetic heterogeneity,sensory sophistication, behavior, coevolution with plants |
| sensillum | a sensory organ that protrudes from the cuticle, or sometimes lie within or beneath it |
| Exteroceptors | sensilla that detect environmental stimuli |
| Proprioceptors | self-perception sensilla (positive receptors) |
| Trichoid sensilla | hair-like sensilla; respond to tactile stimuli; found on MP, antennae, legs, ovipositor; form hair plates |
| Campaniform sensilla | detects stress on cuticle; consists of central cap or peg surrounded by raised cuticle; located on leg and wing joints, ovipositor, areas liable to distortion |
| Chordotonal sensilla | percieves airborne and substrate vibrations; subcuticular |
| Johnston's Organ | found in pedicel of antenna; senses movement of antennal flagellum |
| Tympanic Organs | thin area of cuticle; senses airborne vibrations |
| Subgenual Organs | located in proximal tibia of each leg; sensitive to vibrations of substratum |
| chemosensilla | sensilla that detect chemicals |
| Multiporous sensilla | sensilla that detect airborne chemicals; found on antennae and MP |
| Uniporous sensilla | sensilla that detects aqueous chemicals; found on tarsi, MP, ovipositor |
| Photosensilla | sensilla that detect light |
| Compound eyes | aggregation of units called ommatidia; poor resolution |
| Ocelli | detects light intensity; aids in flight |
| Stemmata | senstive to polarized light; some image detection and distance perception |
| Dermal detection | other cells sensitive to light |
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