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Vet Pharamacology
Lesson 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Indications | Reasons for giving a drug. |
| Contraindications | Reasons for NOT giving a drug. |
| Drugs are regulated by the | FDA |
| Prescription Drug | Legend Drug |
| Veterinarian-client relationship | must exist to receive a prescription |
| The Veterinarian is responsible for: | - assumed responsibility for making clinical judgments and the need of treatments. -having sufficient knowledge of the animal to issue a diagnosis. -being available for follow-up evaluations. |
| Over The Counter | Don't require prescriptions to purchase. These don't require supervision by a professional to administer. |
| Drug Regimen | - Kind of Drug -Route of Administration -Dosage -Frequency -Duration |
| Pharmacokinetics | Complex series of events the occurs once a dug is administered to a paitent. |
| Oral | PO |
| Intravenous | IV |
| Intramuscular | IM |
| Subcutaneous | SQ or SC |
| Parenteral | Injectible |
| Intradermal | ID (into the skin) |
| Intraperitoneal | IP (into the abdominal cavity) |
| Intra-arterial | IA (into an artery) |
| Intra-articular | Into a Joint |
| Intracardiac | into the heart |
| Intramedullary | into the bone marrow cavity |
| Epidural/Subdural | Into the spine (epi) or near the spine (sub) |
| Inhalation Drugs | anesthetic- lose consciousness and through a vaporizor Antibiotics- bronchodlators |
| Transdermal | Topical Drugs |
| Concentration Gradient | the difference in concentrations of drugs from one compartment of the body to another. Drugs move from high to low concentration areas. |
| Bioavailability | measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is able to the paitent. |
| Water-soluable | Dissolves in water. |
| Lipid-soluable | Dissolves in bodily fats. |
| Interstitial | Fluid in the space between organs and tissues. |
| Placenta | organ that connects a growing fetus to the mother's uterus |
| Blood-brain-barrier | barrier that prevents blood from entering the brain tissues |
| Oxidation | Loss of electrons in the drug's chemical makeup. |
| Reduction | The gain of electrons in the drug's chemical makeup. |
| Hydrolysis | splitting of the drug's molecule and the addition of water molecules to each split portion. |
| Conjugation | joining together two compounds to make another compound that dissolves more quickly in water, |
| Enzymes | proteins produced by living cells |
| Drug Excretion | removal of the drug, through the liver (Bile) or kidneys (Urine). Some drugs can be excreted by the mammary glands (Milk), sweat, saliva, or through the skin. |
| Residue | drugs that appear in the animal's milk or meat products. |
| Pharmacodynamics | the study of the mechanisms by which drugs produce physiological changes in the body. |
| Receptors | Parts of the cell that receive stimuli. |
| Agonists | Drugs that attach to certain receptors and cause specific actions. |
| Antagonists | drugs that block receptors from being acted. |
| Efficacy | The degree to which a drug produces it's desired effect. |
| Potency | the amount needed of the drug to produce a desired effect. |
| Lethal Dose | the dose that is lethal to 50% of the animals given the drug. |
| Effective Dose | a dose of the drug that provides desired effect. |
| Therapeutic index | LD50/ED50. The higher the therapeutic index, the safer the drug is. Drugs with lower therapeutic index must be used with caution. |
| adverse drug reaction | any undesired response to a drug. |
| Proprietary | Trade/Brand Name |
| Generic | Unpatented copy of the drug |
| Formulary | a book that contains drug dosages and a listings of adverse reactions. |
| Drug Labels Must contain: | -Drug Names (both generic and trade name) -Drug concentrations and quanity -Name and address of manufacturer -Controlled Substance status -Manufacturer's control or lot number -Drug expiration date |
| Center for Veterinary Medicine | CVM |
| Enviromental Protection Agency | EPA |
| United States Food and Drug Administration | FDA |
| Drug Enforcement Agency | DEA |
| Records of Drugs should include: | -Date of prescription -Owner and patient name -Drug name -Amount dispensed and strength of drug -initials of dispensing doctor |
| United States Department of Agriculture | USDA regulates the development and approval of biologics. |
| Biologics | medical products such as: -vaccines -serums -antitoxins |
| Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank | FARAD Sponsored by USDA and is involved with producing "safe foods of animal origin" |
| Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) | made the extra-label use of approved veterinary drugs legal under certain well-defined conditions. |
| FDA Policy on compounding involved diluting or combining various medications in order to medicate animals of various sizes. | -Identification of legitimate veterinary medical need -need for an appropriate regimen for a particular species, size, gender, or medical condition of paitent |
| FDA (cont') | -lack of an approved animal or human drug that when used as labeled will treat the condition -not enough time to secure the drug needed |
| Veterinary Feed Firective (VFD) | gave CVM the ability to better regulate drugs that go into animal feeds. |
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