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VTA 165 TEST 1
Review/study guide/homework q&a
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define sterilization | The destruction of all organisms, including bacteria and spores |
| Define disinfection | Destruction of the vegetative forms of bacteria (but not the spores) by antimicrobial agents |
| Define antisepsis | The prevention of infectious agent growth on animate (living objects). The destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms on animate objects |
| Define disinfectant | Chemical agents that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms on an inanimate object |
| Define antiseptic | chemical agent that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms on living tissue |
| Define aseptic technique | all the precautions taken to prevent contamination and ultimately infection of a surgical wound |
| Define surgical conscience | the commitment of surgical personnel to adhere strictly to aseptic technique because anything less could increase the potential risk of infection |
| What are the minimum standards for creating a sterilizing condition in an autoclave? | 15psi which creates 121 degrees Celsius or 250 degrees Fahrenheit for a minimum of 13 minutes |
| What is ethylene oxide? | A form of gas sterilization, a colorless gas at room temp, penetrates paper & plastic film packaging w/o melting them, moisture is necessary for the lethal action of EtO, relative humidity of 40% is optimal, exposure time can vary from 48mins-3-4hrs |
| What are precautions of EtO? | flammable, explosive, toxic ( respiratory irritant, vomiting, headaches, birth defects, carcinogenic, tissue irritant)all items sterilized w/EtO must be aerated for at least 24hrs efore use |
| Define microorganism | an organism that is microscopic those of medical interest include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, |
| Define pathogen | any disease causing microorganism |
| Define fomite | An object such as a book, wooden object, or article of clothing, that is not in itself harmful but is able to harbor pathogenic microorganisms & thus may serve as an agent of transmission for an infection |
| What is a nosocomial infection? | an infection acquired during hospitalization or during attendance at any veterinary medical facility |
| What are 3 common microorganisms eliminated by disinfection and/or sterilization? | Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi |
| What are disinfectants used for? | applied to surfaces and inanimate objects |
| What are antiseptics used for? | applied to skin and living tissue |
| List 2 common disinfectants? | bleach, isopropyl alcohol |
| Name 3 common antiseptics | Chlorihexidine, iodine, isopropyl alcohol |
| What deactivates most disinfectants? | organic debris such as hair, blood, feces, urine etc... |
| What are 3 common tools/methods for sterilization in vet medicine? | 1. Chemical (gas, liquid) 2.Physical (heat, radiation, filtration) 3. autoclave |
| What 2 factors do autoclaves utilize to achieve sterilization? | time and temperature (steam under pressure achieves hotter steam, which achieves sterilization |
| How much exposure time does ethylene oxide require at room temp to achieve sterilization? | 3-4 hours at room temp |
| What factor can you change to decrease the time of exposure needed? | increase temp to decrease exposure time |
| What are the steps for proper maintenance of surgical instruments? | 1. Presoaking 2. Decontaminating 3.Ultrasonic cleaning 4. Sterilization |
| What is instrument milk used for? | As a lubricant which inhibits rust and extends the life of the instruments |
| What should be checked on packs for proper sterilization after being run through the autoclave? | sterilization indicator tape and strips |
| How should linens be appropriately cleaned? What if they are stained with blood? | if stained with blood presoak in cold water. To wash use small load size, less detergent, extra rinse cycle. lint roll after drying, NEVER USE BLEACH |
| How often should surgical suites be thoroughly cleaned? | once per week at least |
| What is the most important factor with cold sterilization? | long contact time (at least 3 hrs, sterility is not guaranteed, must rinse thoroughly before use |
| What are the assistants roles in surgical nursing? | * help check animals in for surgery 2.help draw blood for pre-anesthesia 3.restrain animal while tech, induces/intubates 4.assist w/ surgical prep 5.monitor anesthesia 6.help clean up Sx & prepare for next Sx, help write discharge instructions & discharge |
| Can we create sterility on living tissue? | NO |
| During the sanitation stage of cleaning, what is most critical in the elimination of organic debris? | Mechanical scrubbing |
| What do "-cidals" refer to? | The agents destructive powers, these agents kill (think homicidal) lol |
| What do "-statics" refer to? | the agents power to inhibit growth of organisms |
| When it comes to disinfectants what is the difference between a solution and a scrub/detergent? | A solution is a liquid form the can be diluted for desired concentration and does not create suds scrubs create a thicker lather allowing for a longer contact time and are only used externally |
Created by:
Adeprey4311
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