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Anthro 480 Quiz 2
Classical Cultural Evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epistemology | the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of knowledge |
| The Scientific Revolution | the invention of modern science as a method of intellectual investigation & the growth of specialized sciences and their accumulated bodies of knowledge about the natural world |
| Deduction | in scientific epistemology, the use of logic to reason from general to particular statements |
| Cartesian | derived from the name of philosopher Rene Descartes, labeling a radical dualism between mind and matter, body and soul, and subject and object - laid foundation for french rationalism |
| French Rationalism | intellectual tradition associated with Descartes and the scientific epistemology of deduction |
| positivism | the view that science is objective and value free |
| Induction | in scientific epistemology, the process of arriving at generalizations about particular facts (Famous inductive thinkers: Francis Bacon and John Locke) |
| Empiricism | the scientific epistemology of induction fashioned by philosophers Bacon & Locke |
| Enlightenment | the period of the 18th century intellectual history preceding the French Revolution. For Anthro. culture was a key concept produced during this time |
| Mechanical Philosophy | Newton's philosophy, referring to his image of the universe as a complex machine with fine tuned interacting parts |
| Deistic | the view that God created the universe but remains relatively uninvolved in its day to day operations |
| Theistic | the view that God created the universe and remains active in its day to day operations |
| Culture | the accumulated way of living created and acquired by people and transmitted from one generation to another extrasomatically, other than through genes |
| Ethnocentric | culturally biased |
| Noble Savagery | the romanticization of "primitive" life (by Rousseau) |
| comparative method | the use of extant primitive peoples to represent extinct primitive peoples, as in classical cultural evolutionism |
| Universal Historians | Enlightenment thinkers who promulgated laws of human history |
| Savagery, barbarism, and civilization | Lewis Henry Morgan's tripartite schema for the universal evolution of humanity - used by William Robertson |
| Pietistic | Pertaining to piety, or religious reverence & devotion |
| nationalism | Promoted the ideology and mythology of particular peoples rather than a universal outlook on humankind |
| Positivism | created by Auguste Comte - he described how almost all branches of knowledge have passed through 3 stages: theological, metaphysical, and positive |
| Dialectical Materialism | aka: Marxism - created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels |
| Materialism | the belief that human existence determines human consciousness |
| Means of Production | in dialectical materialism, how people make a living in the material world |
| Primitive Communism | the view that past primitive peoples lived in a state to which future communism will in a fashion return |
| Proletariat | according to Marxism, the working class |
| Labour theory of value | the proposition of Karl Marx that commodities should be valued in terms of the human labour required to produce them |
Created by:
erikka.ram
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