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Anthropology Test #2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sex | a biological category relating to physical differences between males and females |
| race | a cultural construct which uses physical attributes to place human individuals and populations into into arbitrary and artificially discrete categories |
| gender | a cultural model or social role which defines proper social roles for men and women |
| ethnicity | a sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be extinct from the outside of the group |
| gender role | a society's beliefs and expectations (norms) regarding the appropriate behavior for culturally-recognized categories of gender |
| multiculturalism | a pattern of ethnic relations in which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominate national culture and yet retain an ethnic culture |
| queer theory | a post-modernist theory involving power, identity, and sexuality |
| assimilation | process by which minority, usually immigrant, population adopt by norms, customs, and traditions of the dominant culture over their own |
| Berdache | usually dress in cross-gendered clothing, not all cross-dressed.same-sex relationships (only with non-berdache). Conferred supernatural powers: control over weather, success in warfare, success in romance, healing powers. |
| Genocide | the extermination of an entire culture or ethnic group |
| clan | people who claim, but cannot necessarily trace, common descent from an apical ancestor; apical ancestor can be a plant or animal. |
| ethnic cleansing | removal (usually by force) of an ethnic group from its historic territory |
| lineage | people who can trace ancestry back to a specific common apical ancestor |
| achieved status | social position based on an individual's talents, abilities and/or past accomplishments |
| marriage | a socially-sanctioned union between two or more individuals such that any children born to a wife are recognized as legitimate offspring |
| ascribed status | social position that assigned at birth and inherited, based on personal, group of family characteristics (gender, wealth, ethnicity) |
| monogamy | single partner marriage |
| caste | closed, hereditary system, ascribed status |
| polygamy | multiple partner marriage |
| class | open, achieved status |
| polygyny | marriage arrangement where a man take multiple wives |
| world system theory | intended to explain post 15th century politico-economic relationships based on differential access to resources (wealth, power, natural resources/raw materials) |
| polyandry | marriage arrangement where a woman takes multiple husbands |
| Neoliberalism | Laissez-faire or "hands-off" capitalism which means no government intervention in business. "Invisible Hand of the Market" |
| endogamy | marriage within a given social group |
| Keynesian Economics | Government has a role in business which is encouraging full employment and providing for the public good. There is education and social services. |
| exogamy | marriage outside a given social group |
| capitalism | The goal is surplus which is profit. Products and the means of productions are privately owned. Goods and services sold in a market system with prices determined by supply and demand. |
| hypodescent | rule of descent in the U.S. that classifies anyone born to parent of different races into the "subordinate" group |
| socialism | Property and means of production are owned by the public. It is a classless, egalitarian society. |
| communism | This is abolishment of socioeconomic classes and private property. There is equal access to employment. They have minimal formal government. It is a direct critique of capitalism. |
Created by:
Jess882
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