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Anthropology Exam 1

TermDefinition
Cultural Anthropology The study of all aspects of human behavior
Anthropology The study of humankind
Archaeology The study of earlier cultures through the recovery, analysis, and interpretations of material remains
Physical Anthropology The study of human biology within an evolutionary framework
Paleopathology The study of bones that show evidence of trauma, infectious diseases, nutrition deficiencies, or other conditions
Anthropometry The measurement of human body parts
Forensic Anthropology Anthropological and osteological studies for legal issues
Cultural Relativism View that no culture is superior to another. All views are equal and valid.
Ethnography The study of a certain culture
Ethnology The comparative study of different cultures
Culture The strategy by which humans adapt to the natural environment
John Ray Coined the phrase "species"
Thomas Malthus Argued that population sizes will grow exponentially while food supplies remain relatively stable
Alfred Russel Wallace Discovered the theory of natural selection behind Darwin
Jean-Baptist Lamarck Argued that environmental change would cause a species to physically change based on its new activity
Charles Lyell The founder of modern geology and uniformitarianism (the idea that geological processes observed in the present are the same as those in the past)
Carolus Linnaeus Developed a classification of plants and animals known as the Systems of Nature
George Cuvier Argued that increased complexity of species was the result of regional catastrophism over time and the concept of extincition
William Paley Argued the eye was too complex and must have had a designer. Proponent of Intelligent Design
Cells The basic units of life for all organisms
Eukaryotic Cells Have a membrane bound nucleus and distinct organelles
Somatic Cells Cellular components of body tissues
Homologous Chromosomes Pairs of chromosomes that carry genetic information influencing the same trait
Mitosis Occurs in somatic cells. Result is a genetically identical daughter cell with the diploid number of chromosomes
Meiosis Occurs in gametes. The result is four daughter cells, each with the haploid number of chromosomes
Principle of Segregation During meiosis, homologous chromosomes and alleles split apart into gametes
Polygenic Traits Traits influenced by more than two alleles
Modern Synthesis The comprehensive theory of evolution that incorporates two processes: mutation and natural selection
Recombination The reshuffling of genes in the offspring every generation as a result of sexual reproduction
Genetic Drift Caused by random alterations of allele frequencies in populations, tied to population size.
Gene Flow The exchange of genes between populations
Locus specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome
Alleles any of several forms of a gene
Biological Determinism Says there is an association between physical characteristics and such attributes of intelligence, morals, values, abilities, and social status
Polytypic Composed of local populations that differ in the expression of one or more traits
Polymorphisms Locus that governs has two or more alleles. Essential to the study of evolutionary processes
Cline Geographical distribution of a polymorphic trait
Population genetics study of the frequency of alleles, genotypes, phenotypes in populations from a microevolutionary perspective
Created by: jennafarnsworth
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