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Chapter 12
Stauzenberger college: Anatomy and physiology vet tech- Chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| This is the most vital requirement for survival. | Oxygen |
| This is the most essential nutrient to life. | Water |
| A __% loss of water in mammals would be fatal without immediate treatment. | 15 |
| What are some clinical signs of an animal with 8-9% dehydration? | -Gums are tacky - Eyes are slightly sunken in -Skin has lost elasticity |
| What are the 3 categories of carbohydrates? | -Sugars -Starches -Cellulose |
| Glucose is used to make what molecule? | ATP |
| This is considered the most dominant structural material of the animal body. | Proteins |
| It takes ______ amino acids to make a protein | 100 to 10,000 |
| The bond that joins proteins is know as a ________ bond. | Peptide |
| Cell metabolism is divided into what 2 categories? | -Catabolism -Anabolism |
| How many stages of catabolism are there? Where do they occur? | -3 -The stomach(1st stage), The cytosol(2nd stage), and The mitochondria(3rd stage) |
| This is an important molecular product of an anaerobic respiration. | Acetylcoa |
| What organelle is known as the energy-producing factory? | Mitochondria |
| Anabolic events are also called: | Biosynthetic Processes |
| Dehydration synthesis occurs in _________ metabolism. | Anabolic |
| Hydrolysis occurs in _______ metabolism. | Catabolism |
| Many anabolic processes occur where? | Cytosol |
| Where is glycogen stored? | Liver |
| Most enzymes end in what 3 letters? | -ASE |
| ___________ is required for survival of all living things. | Energy |
| What are 2 types of cells that rely almost exclusively on glucose for their energy needs? | Brain & RBC |
| What is the most vital steroid? | Cholesterol |
| An enzyme reacts with it's substrate to form a | Product |
| Aerobic Respiration: | The cell function that produces chemical energy with the use of energy. ***Uses Oxygen*** |
| Coenzymes | Non-Protein organic substances may also act as cofactors. They are often derived from vitamins. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water. |
| Anaerobic respiration | Metabolic process ***DOES NOT USE OXYGEN*** |
| Hydrolysis | Breaks down more complex materials into simpler ones |
| Nutrient | A substance derived from food that is used by the body to carry out all of it's normal functions |
| Glycolysis takes place in the | Cytosol |
| The primary carbohydrate found in the bloodstream of a dog or cat is | Glucose |
| The Krebs cycle takes place where? | Mitochondria |
| Mammals consist of about __% of water | 70 |
| One molecule of glucose can generate a maximum of ____ ATP molecules | 38 |
| An enzyme reacts with its substrate to form a | coenzyme |
| What is the net ATP production during glycolysis? | 2 |
| Where does the electron transport chain take place? | mitochondria |
| How many steps take place during glycolysis? | 10 |
| In deamination ammonia is converted to ______ which can be excreted in the urine. | urea |
| What is the correct order of energy burned in a healthy animal? | Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins |
| In ruminants carbohydrates can be supplied by ______ which is stored in the liver | Propionate |
| Enzymes are highly _____ as to what substrate they work on. | Specific |
| Build-up of lactic acid in horses can cause a condition called | myositis |
| What passive process is used when glucose enters the cell? | Active transport |
| What is the fluid found in the cristae of the mitochondria called? | Matrix |
| Trandamination | The process of amino group transfer to other amino acids |
| Matrix | The intercellular material of connective tissue ***THE FLUID FOUND IN THE CRISTAE OF THE MITOCHONDRIA*** |
| Phosphorylatin | The addition of phosphorus into an organic compound |
| Cytochromes | ***The final stage of the Electron transport system*** Complex of enzymes transfer electrons to oxygen. |
| Cellular Respiration | The oxidation of organic material to yield energy, carbon dioxcide, and water |
| Lipolysis | The break down of fats |
| Kerbs Cycle | The metabolism of sugar, fatty acids, and amino acids through oxidation to produce carbon dioxcide, water and energy. |
| Cellulose | A complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls and fibers of plant tissue |
| Deamination | The process during catabolism in which the amino group NH2 is removed. |
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