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LAM
Large Animal Med
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the vet tech's main role when working with livestock/production medicine? | Help the vet maintain a safe food supply for the world |
| What is a parlor and give an example of one | Area where the cows are milked Herringbone, open side, polygon, rotary/carosel |
| How many phases are in the dairy cycle? | 4 |
| Why is it important to not clean the entire udder when prepping a cow for milking | If you wash the whole bag, then the bacteria will run down to the teats |
| What is pasteurizing? | Promptly heating and cooling of milk to remove bacteria without affecting the flavor |
| What is homogenization? | Breaking down of fat globules thus preventing creaming |
| What is the difference between a cold confinement barn and a warm confinement barn? | Cold confinement: just a shelter, same temp as outside Warm confinement: a shelter that is warm and insulated compared to outside |
| What is a pig brooder? | An area in a pen where there are heating lamps for the baby pigs to get away from mom |
| What is a lagoon? | Area underneath the barn that hold pig excrement |
| What two types of animals are primarily used to protect herds of sheep? | Dogs and lamas |
| What are 2 differences in temperament of goats and sheep? | Sheep are flock animals and not friendly Goats are more solitary and are usually friendly |
| What is the common way to restrain piglets for castration | Hold them upside down by their back legs |
| What is our most common form of restraint for horses? | Halter and lead rope |
| What is our most common form of restrain for cattle? | Squeeze chutes |
| What is the difference between a manual twitch and a natural twitch? | Manual is done with your hands and natural is done with the help of a tool |
| What is withdrawal time? | The time it takes for a drug to be removed from the animal's system |
| The most likely natural response of a horse to a fearful situation is to: A bite B kick C lie down D run away | D run away |
| Horses are primarily handled from the right or left side? | Left side |
| Restraint of which part of the horse is the most important for control of the animal? | The head |
| Improper use of an ear twitch can potentially result in | Breaking the cartilage in the ear |
| Where are mechanical twitches applied to a horse? | The upper lip |
| When sheep are frightened, their most common response is to | Run away |
| Blindfolding a pig usually causes them to what? | Walk backwards |
| The pulse rate is taken by palpating what? | Arteries |
| If you see hay in a ruminants stool is that normal or abnormal? | Abnormal |
| What is the ultimate goal of reproduction? | To have live neonates |
| Why is a breeding soundness exam important to perform BEFORE breeding season? When doing one on a male, what are 3 specific things that we look at or test for? | Tells us if the male is going to be able to breed with the herd Scrotal circumference BCS Weight Look at the penis and the sheath Sperm exam |
| What is the most common way to diagnose pregnancy in large animal? | Rectal palpation or ultrasound |
| What is the correct presentation of a neonate during birth and why is this position so important? | Head diving, to properly break the bag and umbilical cord |
| Unlike small animal, why is it so important to note all markings on an animal and have them in their record? | Because it is the main way we tell them apart bc they come in as a herd |
| Name one breed of draft horse | Brabant (Belgium) Clydesdale Percheron Shire Suffolk Punch |
| What is the breed of horse that has striped hooves, mottled skin, 7 different recognized coat patterns, and white sclera? | Appaloosa |
| In order to be considered a miniature horse, what height in inches can they not exceed? | 34 inches |
| What is a mule a cross between? | Male donkey and a female horse |
| How long is the average gestation period for a horse? (a range is fine) | 305-365 days-breed dependent |
| Is it ideal for horses to have twins? Why or why not. | No, they cannot usually support both |
| Why do we commonly do uterine cultures or biopsies in mares? | They can have silent infections which do not allow them to carry a pregnancy |
| What is a gelding? | Castrated male horse |
| What is a patent urachus? | When the abdominal wall has not closed all the way and they will urinate through it |
| What is meconium? | A neonates first stool |
| Why MUST foals receive colostrum from their mothers? | No antibodies are passed over the placenta |
| Give an example of how looking at a horse's teeth can give us an estimate of their age. | Occlusal angle infundibulum Galvayne groove 7 year hook |
| How is standing surgery different from regular surgery? | Patient is not completely under anesthesia, they are just heavily sedated and can still move and kick. |
| How is standing surgery beneficial to the owner of the animal? | Costs less No transportation of animal needed Quicker recovery |
| Why does standing surgery make it more difficult for the vet and their team? | Poor lighting No good sterile field Working at odd angles Can be kicked or hurt |
| Why are anticholinergics not commonly used in horses during surgery? | They slow down the GI tract which can increase bloat or cause colic |
| List 2 ways that preanesthetic prep is different for large animal versus small animal. | Wash out mouth Place IVC before drugs Shave area before Take off shoes Wrap feet Wash and groom horse Braid tail/mane and wrap |
| Why is recovery so dangerous in large animal and what preventative measures do we take? | They want to get up now! Use Xylazine and Ketamine to wake them up slower Place helmet Keep lights down No noise Light touch |
| What is the purpose of a Caslick's procedure? | Keep feces out of the vagina so they do not get infections |
| What does BVD stand for? | Bovine Viral Diarrhea |
| What viral disease do we test for during a bull reproductive exam with the sterile saline and long pipette that goes in special packaging for the lab? | Tritrichomonas |
| Commonly seen in the urine of cattle after they give birth; we associate it with DKA | Ketosis |
| Commonly seen after a cow gives birth and the calf is nursing. | Hypocalcemia |
| Sickness caused when cows eat things that they shouldn't; place magnets to treat it | Hardware Disease |
| Caused by the Bovine Herpes Virus 1; AKA Red Nose | Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis |
| Very serious disease that affects cloven hooved animals only; it is reportable to the state ve | : Foot and Mouth Disease |
| Commonly seen in younger cattle, secondary respiratory infections are very common. | Bovine Respiratory Disease |
| Caused by a prion; the cattle become easily agitated and may sit like dogs; AKA Mad Cow Disease | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy |
| Normal flora of the respiratory tract get out of control under times of stress and develops into upper respiratory infections or pneumonia. | Shipping Fever |
| Caused by Moraxella bovis; can vaccinate against it | Pink eye |
| Infection of the uterus | Metritis |
| Infection of the udders | Mastitis |
| Because cows do not like to keep anything in their body that is supposed to be there! These are a progressive disease usually associated with calving | Prolapses |
| Puncture wound in the mouth or on the head and neck that causes masses. | Lumpy Jaw |
| Between the claws becomes swollen and may produce draining tracts. Usually happens from cattle standing in unsanitary conditions or from trauma to the foot. | Foot Rot |
| Swelling of the muscle in the legs, causes necrotic tissue and death; causative agent is usually Clostridium | Black Leg |
| Extreme diarrhea; can cause death in a calf in 24 hours due to dehydration | Scours |
| Also known as Paratuberculosis; zoonotic=Crohn's Disease in humans | Johnes Disease |
| Causes "abortion storms" in a herd; it is a zoonotic disease and can cause undulant fever in humans and possible reproductive issues in females | Brucellosis |
| What is the role of the vet tech in production or large animal meds | to keep a safe food supply for the world |
| Phase one of the dairy cycle | the cow or doe gives birth |
| What phase is the largest phase of the dairy cycle | 3 |
| Before milking you should clean the teats with.. | Iodine |
| A cow/Calf producer | raises calves for sale to feed lots |
| Commercial feeders are classified as having more then ____ cattle | 1000 |
| When restraining the legs of a foal positioned in lat recumb, the restrainer should hold the foals legs where | around the pasterns |
| When dillite bleach is applies to stall surfaces for disinfection what is the proper procedure | apply the dilute bleach , air dry, no rinsing |
| Natural animal marking include all but expect | Freeze band |
| common spot to tattoo a horse | inside upper lip |
| normal ruminants should have how many rumen contractions | 5-6 per min |
| The menace reflex in foals is not present until about when | 2 weeks after birth |
| in normal delivery the hooves should face which way | the ground |
| a normal foal should nurse how often | 1-2 hours |
| The leading cause of death in neonates foals is | neonatal bacterial scptocemia |
| Typical clinical signs of most uterine infections in the mare include.. | no external signs, silent infection |
| the most important info that is obtained by a colic exam is what | observation of bowel movements |
| when placing a dose syringe in the mouth the syringe should be positioned how | between the the lips then directed caudally between the cheek and the cheek teeth |
| The best way to avoid accidental carotid artery injection when giving an IV jugular injection is to. | insert the needle alone, if dripping jugular if squirting artery |
| the horse tht is very sweet and sturdy and great with children | morgan |
| The SQ milk vein is seldom used for blood draws why | it tends to form thrombosis after sample is taken |
| Intramammary infusions are used for | Treat mastitis |
| In beef industry a seed stock prouder | raises cattle for sale cow/calf produces or other seed stock producers |
| the term for pigs giving birth | farrowing |
| mohair is made from | goats |
| what is our most valuable and reliable equipment in LA | ropes |
| Mechanical twitches should not be applied to Ears Lower lip Foals All of the above | All of the above |
| the key anatomic part of a bovine animal that is used to help heard and direct them is the | shoulder area |
| A squeeze chute may be used for what ruminate animal | cattle |
| which of the following animals can be successfully restrained by technique of "setting up" | sheep |
| the primary defense mechanism of swine is | biting |
| in addition to other techniques we will sometimes use _____ to aid our restraint in horses | stocks |
| the proper location to apply a hog snare or snubbing robe is | around the upper jaw |
| casting is? | using rope to bring animals to the ground |
| a cattle prod should only be used on | heavily muscled areas |
| what is estrus synchronization | when animals heat cycles are altered to fit a specific breeding schedule |
| the preferred bedding for patient with respiratory allergies would be | shredded paper |
| bedding made from wood products must NOT contain | black walnut |
| 1000lb horse drink how much water per day | 5-10 gallons |
| taking a rectal temp of a horse after a rectal exam will result in what | falsely lower temp reading |
| The large size of equine heart tends to amplify the sound of blood moving though the heart calves producing a common heart murmur know as what | ejection murmur |
| a skin pinch test that takes 8 sec and a crt of 6 sec indicates | severely dehydrated horse |
| A "hand" is equal to | 6 in |
| the pulse of swine can be palpated at all of the following locations expect | cartoid artery |
| in what stage of labor is the fetus delivered | stage 2 |
| stage 2 of labor (parturition) in horses should normally last | 20-30 min |
| the equine placenta normally should pass when | right after birth of the foal |
| the place where you microchip a horse is where | nuchal ligament |
| During a neuralgic exam pinching or pricking the skin lightly with a blunt instrument to stimulate twitching of the cutaneous muscles of the neck and trunk is refereed to as the | panniculus reflex |
| Horseshoes may be used for all of the following purpose except to | stop hooves from growing |
| the portion of the horseshoe nail that is folded over the flat against the hook wall to hold the shoe securely to the hoof is called what | clinch |
| Which of the following muscle groups should NOT be used for IM injections in horses that are race training | pectoral muscles |
| which type of blood is needed or blood gas sample | arterial |
| normal synovical fluid is what color | clear |
| the atlantooccipital space is easier to enter if the head and neck are.. | flexed ventrally |
| bandages, splints and cast are all methods of | external coaptaton |
| what is a cause of roaring | broken tracheal rings |
| which diagnostic test may be used to obtain a somatic cell count of milk | milk culture and sensitivity |
| which of the following methods of local anesthesia does not provide analgesia for surgery through the flank | "L" or line block |
| a method of castration performed without incising the skin is referred to as | closed castration |
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