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Primate Trends
General trends
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are grasping hands and opposable thumbs helpful? | Grasp with greater precision Adapt to live in trees by grasping bugs, trees, and tools |
| Natural curvature of hands is associated with what? | Arboreal living |
| More curvature in hands is associated with primates who do what? | Extreme swingers |
| Why do primates have a generalized skeleton? | Allows us to be versatile Can use various locomotor patterns |
| Why are the clavicles and scapulae important? | Assist in rotation of upper arm |
| What is significance of having two bones in forearm? | Allows pronation and supination |
| How does the location of foramen magnum effect posture? | When located towards center of base of skull, tendency towards vertical posture |
| What about the inner ear? | Auditory bulla is a bony covering that protects inner ear. This is important in balance |
| What is the only trait all primates possess? | Auditory bulla |
| How do the eyes of primates differ from other animals? | Forward-facing eyes with post-orbital closure allows for stereoscopic vision Closure gives extra protection behind the eye to limit chance of breaking and injuring the eye |
| What is the technical term that describes primates' ability to perceive depth? | Stereoscopic vision |
| Most primates are diurnal or nocturnal? | Diurnal |
| What's up with the nose? | Reduced snout due to reduced reliance on olfaction. |
| What is the technical term for sense of smell? | Olfaction |
| Why are nails better than claws in some species of primates? | Increased tactile perception Creates sensory pads Have ridges and fingerprints to help grip |
| What's the positive of generalized dentition? | Able to adapt to different environments and eat a variety of foods |
| Primates eat mostly what? | Veggies |
| What two species of primates have claws and not nails? | Marmosets and Tamarins |
| Which species of primate is solely carnivorous? | Tarsiers |
| What is encephalization | Evolved increase in volume of Neocortex of the brain |
| What is the Neocortex? | Part of brain involved in vision, analysis, and overall higher cognitive function |
| What are convolutions and what is their function? | Folds in the brain that increase the surface area so we can hold more information |
| What does it mean to be K-selected? | Live birth to single offspring' Live longer Longer gestational periods as well as longer periods of infancy and sexual immaturity Greater parental investment |
| What are two hypotheses regarding why primates groom each other? | Reduces parasites Social and bonding experience |
| Which primate is closest to humans in musculature? | Bonobos |
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